This is my IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of water being a basic human right from the recently released IELTS Cambridge 20 book of past essays.
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IELTS Cambridge 20: Clean Water is a Basic Human Right
Access to clean water is a basic human right. Therefore every home should have a water supply that is provided free of charge.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Analysis
1. It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. 2. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. 2. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. 3. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. 4. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. 5. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. 6. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
The examples should be very specific.
Better to have more detail.
1. On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. 2. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. 3. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. 4. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. 5. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. 6. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Keep adding more detail.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. 2. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
It is often argued that → Many people believe that
access to clean water → the ability to obtain safe drinking water
a fundamental human right → a basic right every person should have
given to every household free of charge → provided to all homes at no cost
universally accessible → available to everyone everywhere
despite the potential expense of such a proposal → even though it could be very costly
On the one hand → From one perspective
engenders serious logistical and financial challenges → creates major planning and cost problems
Water treatment → cleaning and purifying water
maintenance of pipelines → keeping water pipes in good condition
distribution → delivery to users
funding → financial support
skilled labor → trained workers
dedicated infrastructure → special systems and facilities
there would be little incentive for → people would have few reasons to
responsibly → in a careful and thoughtful way
wastage and overconsumption → using too much and not conserving
Consider the example of → Take, for instance,
Drought → a long period without enough rain
public campaigns → government awareness efforts
affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns → wealthy areas kept using too much water on their gardens
fill large swimming pools → use water for big private pools
heavily subsidized → mostly paid for by the government
This overuse strained reservoirs → this extra use put pressure on water supplies
forced emergency water restrictions → led to strict limits on water use
implemented → put into action
tiered pricing system → a pay scale with different levels
Affordable → reasonably priced
excessive use is charged at higher rates → high usage costs more
On the other hand → From another point of view
argument → viewpoint
supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning → backed by ethical and compassionate thinking
vital → extremely important
hygiene → staying clean
sanitation → safe systems for waste and cleanliness
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I__________________t since a________________r is a______________________t, it should be g_____________________e. I agree that clean water is essential and should be u_______________________e, d____________________________l.
O_____________d, providing unlimited free water to every home e___________________________________________s. W_____________t, m____________________s, and d__________n all require f_______g, s_________r, and d_________________e. If water were completely free, t____________________________________r consumers to use it r___________y, leading to w_____________________________n. C__________________of California during its 2011–2017 d_______t: despite p_____________s, many a_____________________________________________s and f_________________s, as water prices were h______________d. T_________________________s and f_____________________s. As a response, nations like Singapore have i__________d a t___________m where basic water needs are a_________e, but e______________s.
O_____________d, the a________t that clean water is a human right is s_____________________________________________________g. Water is v_____l not only for drinking, but for cooking, h_______e, and s_________n. W_______t, communities are v____________________s such as c________a, d_________y, and t________d, all of which are p___________e with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still l________________________s, a_______________________s cause more deaths each year than a______________s. I________________t, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford f______________________________________________________e. Governments, therefore, h__________________e that no citizens are d______________________________e, especially in l_____________t or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, d_______________________________d. A___________________d free access to water for t_____________________________________________s.
Simplified Version
Some people believe that clean water is a basic human right. Because of this, they think every home should get water for free. I agree that everyone should have access to clean water, even if it is expensive for the government.
On one hand, giving free water to every home is not easy. It costs money to clean water, fix pipes, and deliver water to people’s homes. If water is free, people might waste it. They might use too much and not be careful. For example, during a drought in California from 2011 to 2017, many rich areas used a lot of water for their gardens and swimming pools. This happened even though there was not enough water. The government had to make new rules to stop this. Some countries, like Singapore, have a better system. They make basic water use cheap, but if people use too much, they have to pay more.
On the other hand, clean water is very important. People need it to drink, cook, and stay clean. Without clean water, people can get sick from diseases like cholera or typhoid. In some poor parts of Africa, many people still do not have clean water. Every year, many die from diseases that clean water could prevent. If people must pay for water and they don’t have money, they may suffer. This is not fair. Governments should help poor families and rural areas get the water they need.
In conclusion, I believe that clean water is a basic human right. Everyone should be able to use it, even if it costs the government a lot. A good system would give water for free to everyone who needs it.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Some believe that research on family history is a useful thing to do, while others disagree.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Analysis
1. In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. 2. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. 2. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. 3. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. 4. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. 5. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Better to have more detail.
1. On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. 2. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. 3. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. 4. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. 5. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. 6. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. 7. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. 8. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
The more detail, the better.
Continue expanding on your ideas.
Be specific with your details.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. 2. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
In recent years → Over the past few years
increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry → more inclined to explore their family roots
family history → ancestral background
offer valuable insights into personal identity → provide important clues about one’s sense of self
a waste of time and resources → an inefficient use of energy and money
on the whole → overall
On the one hand → From one perspective
foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity → encourage greater self-awareness
adopted → raised by non-biological parents
uncover her biological roots → discover her genetic origins
Through online databases → Using internet-based genealogical tools
DNA testing → genetic analysis
eventually hiring a genealogist → ultimately employing a family history expert
maternal family → mother’s side of the family
rural Vietnam → countryside in Vietnam
immigrated to → relocated to another country
a sense of closure → emotional resolution
reconnect with → re-establish ties with
deeply meaningful journey → profound personal quest
enriches → enhances
strengthens their connection to their heritage → deepens their bond with cultural roots
On the other hand → Conversely
critics argue that → skeptics claim that
time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor → lengthy and potentially unrewarding task
detailed records → comprehensive documentation
regions affected by war → areas impacted by conflict
colonization → imperial rule
poor documentation → inadequate recordkeeping
trace their lineage → follow their ancestral trail
destroyed during political unrest → lost amid civil turmoil
a considerable amount of money → a significant financial investment
may give up → could abandon the search
frustrated by the lack of progress → disheartened by slow results
In such cases → Under these circumstances
long errand → drawn-out task
meaningful pursuit → worthwhile endeavor
distract from the present and future → shift focus away from current and upcoming priorities
long-lost → estranged or forgotten
can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today → may seem self-indulgent in light of more pressing societal and personal challenges
find little value → see limited benefit
struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children → barely managing financial responsibilities and childcare
deeply rewarding → highly fulfilling
generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity → often an unwise investment of effort, funds, and interest
The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on → How beneficial this type of exploration is often hinges on
individual’s personal circumstances → someone’s unique life situation
access to resources → availability of support and tools
what they hope to gain from the experience → the outcomes they aim to achieve
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I_____________s, many people have become i_____________________________y. While some argue that learning about f____________y can o_____________________________y, I believe that it is a__________________________e.
O______________d, supporters of researching family history believe that it can f______________________________________y. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was a________d as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to u_______________s. T______________________s, D____________g, and e___________________t, she discovered that her m___________y came from r___________________m and had i______________o the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a_______________e but also allowed her to r____________h relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a d_________________y that e__________s their lives and s_________________________________________e.
O________________d, c________________t researching family history can be a t_______________________________________________r. Not everyone has access to d______________s, especially those whose ancestors came from r___________________r, c_______________n, or p__________________n. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to t__________________________e as many records have been d_________________________t. After spending months and a_____________________________y, this person m_______________p, f_______________________________________s. I___________s, the process can feel more like l_________d than a m____________t. This focus on the past can d______________________________e. Investing time and money into discovering l_____________t ancestors c___________________________________________________________________________________y. For example, a single mother working two jobs may f_____________e in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is s__________________________________________n.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be d______________g for some, I believe that it is g____________________________________________________________y. T_____________________________________________n an i___________________________s, a_______________s, and w___________________________e.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Developing countries should be encouraged to implement high tariffs to grow their local industries.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Analysis
1. In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. 2. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. 2. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. 3. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. 4. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
1. However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. 2. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. 3. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. 4. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. 5. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. 6. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Keep adding detail.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. 2. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
In recent years → In the past few years
there has been considerable debate regarding whether → there has been much discussion about whether
impose high tariffs → enforce steep tariffs
protect and nurture local industries → safeguard and support domestic industries
While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach → Although there are strong reasons to support this method
on balance → overall
strategy → approach
the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth → the most viable method for promoting long-term economic development
provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries → offer short-term support to nascent industries in emerging nations
By imposing tariffs on imported goods → Through levying taxes on foreign products
protected from international competition → shielded from global competition
grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market → expand and enhance their efficiency without the immediate risk of less expensive imports undermining the market
tariffs → duties
local manufacturers → domestic producers
scale up their operations → expand their businesses
create jobs for the local workforce → generate employment for the national labor force
In such cases → Under these circumstances
shield → protect
fostering the development of domestic industries → encouraging the growth of homegrown industries
enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time → allowing them to gain a competitive edge in the international marketplace gradually
lead to higher prices for consumers → result in increased costs for consumers
impact core industries → affect key sectors
struggle with low wages → face challenges with inadequate salaries
imposition → enforcement
make essential goods more expensive → raise the cost of basic necessities
further exacerbating inequality → deepening social disparities
in certain Southeast Asian countries → in some nations across Southeast Asia
local farmers to access modern machinery → local agricultural workers to acquire advanced tools
limiting their productivity → hindering their efficiency
Relatedly → In connection with this
protected from competition for too long → shielded from rivalry for an extended period
innovate or improve their products → create new or enhance their offerings
not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies → not facing the same competition from more proficient international firms
In some cases → Occasionally
this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards → this leads to the development of inefficient sectors that cannot compete with international benchmarks
Despite high tariffs on foreign rice → Even with steep taxes on imported rice
struggled to modernize and remain competitive with → found it difficult to modernize and stay competitive with
rice-exporting nations → countries that export rice
high tariffs → steep duties
offer short-term benefits for developing countries → provide immediate advantages for emerging nations
implemented cautiously → enforced carefully
with a clear focus on long-term strategies → with a clear emphasis on sustained policies
A balanced approach → A well-rounded strategy
combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness → merges specific safeguards for growing industries with initiatives to boost international competitiveness
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I_____________s, t____________________________________________________r developing countries should i_______________s to p______________________________________s. W________________________________________________________________h, o_____________e, such a s_________y may not always be t________________________________________________h.
On one hand, high tariffs can p_____________________________________________________________s. B_______________________________________s, local businesses are p____________________________________n, allowing them to g_________________________________________________________________________________________________________t. For example, in countries like Vietnam, t__________s on foreign electronics and automobiles have given l_________________s a chance to s__________________________s, improve technology, and c____________________________e. I_____________s, tariffs act as a s_______d, f____________________________________________________s and e____________________________________________________________________________________e.
However, high tariffs can l___________________________________s and i__________________s. In a developing economy, where many people already s____________________s, the i______________on of tariffs can m______________________________e, f_____________________________y. For example, i___________________________s, high tariffs on i_____________________________t have made it more expensive for l______________________________________y, l________________________y and overall income. R____________y, if industries are p___________________________________g, they may not i__________________________________s and services, as they are n____________________________________________________________________________s. I_____________s, t___________________________________________________________________________s. D__________________________e in countries like India, the local rice industry has s_______________________________________h other r_________________________s such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while h_____________s can o______________________________________________s, I believe they should only be i________________________y and w___________________________________s. A___________________h that c_____________________________________________________________________________________________________s.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Many people feel that media coverage has become increasingly biased today.
Why is this?
What can be done to fix this problem?
Media bias has become a growing concern in recent years, as people increasingly find news coverage skewed towards particular political, economic, or ideological perspectives. This shift in media impartiality is primarily driven by financial incentives and the rise of social media. However, various measures can be taken to address this issue and restore trust in journalism.
One major reason for media bias is the influence of corporate incentives. Many news organizations are owned by large conglomerates with vested interests in certain political or economic outcomes. For example, in the United States, media networks such as Fox News and MSNBC are often criticized for presenting news in a manner that aligns with their owners’ political leanings, catering to either conservative or liberal audiences. These networks prioritize viewership ratings and advertising revenue, often sensationalizing stories or omitting perspectives that do not align with their target audience’s beliefs. Audiences then receive filtered information, reinforcing their existing biases rather than presenting a balanced view of issues. Relatedly, the rise of social media has exacerbated this problem. Platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and TikTok use algorithms that prioritize content engagement over factual reporting. This means that articles with sensational headlines or extreme viewpoints are more likely to be shared, even if they lack credibility.
To address media bias, promoting independent journalism is crucial. Governments and private institutions can fund non-profit investigative journalism organizations such as ProPublica, which aims to provide unbiased, in-depth reporting. Additionally, stronger transparency laws should be enacted, requiring media companies to disclose their ownership structures and financial backers. This would help audiences assess potential biases in news reporting. A related effective solution would be the implementation of media literacy programs. Schools and universities should teach students how to critically evaluate news sources, distinguish between fact and opinion, and recognize biased reporting. Countries like Finland have already integrated media literacy into their education system, resulting in a more informed and skeptical public that is less susceptible to manipulation by biased news outlets.
In conclusion, media bias stems from corporate interests and the rise of social media-driven misinformation. By implementing countermeasures, societies can work towards a more balanced and trustworthy media landscape.
Analysis
1. Media bias has become a growing concern in recent years, as people increasingly find news coverage skewed towards particular political, economic, or ideological perspectives. 2. This shift in media impartiality is primarily driven by financial incentives and the rise of social media. 3. However, various measures can be taken to address this issue and restore trust in journalism.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
Just two sentences is usually enough.
1. One major reason for media bias is the influence of corporate incentives. 2. Many news organizations are owned by large conglomerates with vested interests in certain political or economic outcomes. 3. For example, in the United States, media networks such as Fox News and MSNBC are often criticized for presenting news in a manner that aligns with their owners’ political leanings, catering to either conservative or liberal audiences. 4. These networks prioritize viewership ratings and advertising revenue, often sensationalizing stories or omitting perspectives that do not align with their target audience’s beliefs. 5. Audiences then receive filtered information, reinforcing their existing biases rather than presenting a balanced view of issues. 6. Relatedly, the rise of social media has exacerbated this problem. 7. Platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and TikTok use algorithms that prioritize content engagement over factual reporting. 8. This means that articles with sensational headlines or extreme viewpoints are more likely to be shared, even if they lack credibility.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Better to have more detail.
1. To address media bias, promoting independent journalism is crucial. 2. Governments and private institutions can fund non-profit investigative journalism organizations such as ProPublica, which aims to provide unbiased, in-depth reporting. 3. Additionally, stronger transparency laws should be enacted, requiring media companies to disclose their ownership structures and financial backers. 4. This would help audiences assess potential biases in news reporting. 5. A related effective solution would be the implementation of media literacy programs. 6. Schools and universities should teach students how to critically evaluate news sources, distinguish between fact and opinion, and recognize biased reporting. 7. Countries like Finland have already integrated media literacy into their education system, resulting in a more informed and skeptical public that is less susceptible to manipulation by biased news outlets.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, media bias stems from corporate interests and the rise of social media-driven misinformation. 2. By implementing countermeasures, societies can work towards a more balanced and trustworthy media landscape.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Media bias has become a growing concern in recent years, as people increasingly find news coverage skewed towards particular political, economic, or ideological perspectives. This shift in media impartiality is primarily driven by financial incentives and the rise of social media. However, various measures can be taken to address this issue and restore trust in journalism.
One major reason for media bias is the influence of corporate incentives. Many news organizations are owned by large conglomerates with vested interests in certain political or economic outcomes. For example, in the United States, media networks such as Fox News and MSNBC are often criticized for presenting news in a manner that aligns with their owners’ political leanings, catering to either conservative or liberal audiences. These networks prioritize viewership ratings and advertising revenue, often sensationalizing stories or omitting perspectives that do not align with their target audience’s beliefs. Audiences then receive filtered information, reinforcing their existing biases rather than presenting a balanced view of issues. Relatedly, the rise of social media has exacerbated this problem. Platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and TikTok use algorithms that prioritize content engagement over factual reporting. This means that articles with sensational headlines or extreme viewpoints are more likely to be shared, even if they lack credibility.
To address media bias, promoting independent journalism is crucial. Governments and private institutions can fund non-profit investigative journalism organizations such as ProPublica, which aims to provide unbiased, in-depth reporting. Additionally, stronger transparency laws should be enacted, requiring media companies to disclose their ownership structures and financial backers. This would help audiences assess potential biases in news reporting. A related effective solution would be the implementation of media literacy programs. Schools and universities should teach students how to critically evaluate news sources, distinguish between fact and opinion, and recognize biased reporting. Countries like Finland have already integrated media literacy into their education system, resulting in a more informed and skeptical public that is less susceptible to manipulation by biased news outlets.
In conclusion, media bias stems from corporate interests and the rise of social media-driven misinformation. By implementing countermeasures, societies can work towards a more balanced and trustworthy media landscape.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
Media bias → News partiality
Become a growing concern in recent years → Has increasingly raised alarms in recent times
Increasingly find news coverage skewed towards → More often notice reporting leaning towards
Ideological perspectives → Political viewpoints
This shift in media impartiality is primarily driven by financial incentives → The decline in media neutrality is largely fueled by monetary motives
The rise of social media → The expansion of digital platforms
Various measures can be taken to address this issue → Different steps can be taken to tackle this problem
Restore trust in journalism → Rebuild credibility in news reporting
Influence of corporate incentives → Impact of business-driven motives
Large conglomerates with vested interests in certain political or economic outcomes → Major corporations with stakes in specific political or financial agendas
Media networks → Broadcast organizations
Often criticized for presenting news in a manner that aligns with → Frequently accused of delivering news that conforms to
Political leanings → Ideological affiliations
Catering to either conservative or liberal audiences → Targeting right- or left-leaning viewers
Prioritize viewership ratings → Focus on audience numbers
Advertising revenue → Marketing profits
Sensationalizing stories or omitting perspectives → Exaggerating news or neglecting certain viewpoints
Align with their target audience’s beliefs → Match the convictions of their core viewers
Audiences → Viewers
Receive filtered information → Consume selectively presented content
Reinforcing their existing biases rather than presenting a balanced view of issues → Confirming preconceived notions instead of offering an impartial perspective
Relatedly → In connection to this
Exacerbated → Worsened
Platforms → Digital outlets
Algorithms → Automated content-ranking systems
Prioritize content engagement over factual reporting → Favor user interaction over accuracy in journalism
Sensational headlines → Clickbait titles
Extreme viewpoints → Radical opinions
Lack credibility → Are unreliable
To address media bias → To combat journalistic partiality
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
M_________s has b________________________________s, as people i_______________________________________s particular political, economic, or i_______________________s. T___________________________________________________________s and t____________________a. However, v_________________________________________________e and r_________________m.
One major reason for media bias is the i______________________s. Many news organizations are owned by l_________________________________________________________________________s. For example, in the United States, m_______________s such as Fox News and MSNBC are o___________________________________________________h their owners’ p___________s, c____________________________________________s. These networks p______________________s and a____________________e, often s__________________________________________s that do not a______________________________s. A_________s then r_______________________________n, r________________________________________________________________________s. R________y, the rise of social media has e_____________d this problem. P___________s like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and TikTok use a____________s that p___________________________________________________g. This means that articles with s______________s or e______________s are more likely to be shared, even if they l___________y.
T______________________s, p_______________________m is c_______l. Governments and p______________s can f___________________________________________s such as ProPublica, which aims to p____________d, i___________g. A____________y, s_____________________________________________d, requiring media companies to d________________________________________________________________s. This would help audiences a__________________________g. A________________________________________e the i_____________________________________s. Schools and universities should teach students how to c____________________________s, d__________________________n, and r_________________________g. Countries like Finland have already i_________________________________________m, r_____________________________________________c that is l___________________________________________________s.
In conclusion, media bias s____________________________s and the r________________________________________n. B_________________________________s, societies can w_______________________________________________________e.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Media coverage of violent crime frightens people and encourages criminals. Some people say it should be banned from newspapers and TV programs.
To what extend do you agree or disagree?
Some argue that reporting violent crimes in newspapers and on TV causes unnecessary fear among the public and such coverage should therefore be banned. While I agree that sensationalized crime coverage can have negative effects, completely banning it would do more harm than good.
One major concern is that excessive reporting on violent crime makes people feel unsafe, even in areas where crime rates are low. For example, in many developed countries, violent crime has been steadily decreasing over the past few decades. However, due to the way media outlets focus on shocking incidents, many people believe crime is becoming worse. In the United States, studies have shown that despite a significant drop in violent crime since the 1990s, public perception remains the opposite. News programs frequently highlight cases of murder, robbery, and assault, often broadcasting disturbing images and interviews with victims’ families. This kind of coverage implies such crimes are common occurrences. Audiences may then become unnecessarily fearful, avoid going out at night, or even purchase weapons for self-defense, which could lead to more violence rather than less.
However, crime reporting serves an important function in raising awareness and promoting justice. For example, when journalists cover a case of police brutality or domestic violence, it can lead to public outcry and legal action against the perpetrators. A famous example is the 2020 murder of George Floyd in the U.S., which sparked global protests against police violence after the video footage was widely shared by the media. Without media coverage, many injustices would go unnoticed. To mitigate the concerns of critics, governments and media organizations can intensify current collaborations to ensure crime reporting is factual and responsible, rather than sensationalized. For instance, they could avoid showing graphic images, limit the use of criminals’ names and photos to prevent glorification, and provide context about crime trends rather than focusing only on isolated incidents.
In conclusion, while there are valid concerns about media coverage of violent crime increasing public fear and inspiring criminals, banning it outright is not the answer. Doing so would prevent the public from being informed.
Analysis
1. Some argue that reporting violent crimes in newspapers and on TV causes unnecessary fear among the public and such coverage should therefore be banned. 2. While I agree that sensationalized crime coverage can have negative effects, completely banning it would do more harm than good.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. One major concern is that excessive reporting on violent crime makes people feel unsafe, even in areas where crime rates are low. 2. For example, in many developed countries, violent crime has been steadily decreasing over the past few decades. 3. However, due to the way media outlets focus on shocking incidents, many people believe crime is becoming worse. 4. In the United States, studies have shown that despite a significant drop in violent crime since the 1990s, public perception remains the opposite. 5. News programs frequently highlight cases of murder, robbery, and assault, often broadcasting disturbing images and interviews with victims’ families. 6. This kind of coverage implies such crimes are common occurrences. 7. Audiences may then become unnecessarily fearful, avoid going out at night, or even purchase weapons for self-defense, which could lead to more violence rather than less.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Better to have more detail.
1. However, crime reporting serves an important function in raising awareness and promoting justice. 2. For example, when journalists cover a case of police brutality or domestic violence, it can lead to public outcry and legal action against the perpetrators. 3. A famous example is the 2020 murder of George Floyd in the U.S., which sparked global protests against police violence after the video footage was widely shared by the media. 4. Without media coverage, many injustices would go unnoticed. 5. To mitigate the concerns of critics, governments and media organizations can intensify current collaborations to ensure crime reporting is factual and responsible, rather than sensationalized. 6. For instance, they could avoid showing graphic images, limit the use of criminals’ names and photos to prevent glorification, and provide context about crime trends rather than focusing only on isolated incidents.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, while there are valid concerns about media coverage of violent crime increasing public fear and inspiring criminals, banning it outright is not the answer. 2. Doing so would prevent the public from being informed.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Some argue that reporting violent crimes in newspapers and on TV causes unnecessary fear among the public and such coverage should therefore be banned. While I agree that sensationalized crime coverage can have negative effects, completely banning it would do more harm than good.
One major concern is that excessive reporting on violent crime makes people feel unsafe, even in areas where crime rates are low. For example, in many developed countries, violent crime has been steadily decreasing over the past few decades. However, due to the way media outlets focus on shocking incidents, many people believe crime is becoming worse. In the United States, studies have shown that despite a significant drop in violent crime since the 1990s, public perception remains the opposite. News programs frequently highlight cases of murder, robbery, and assault, often broadcasting disturbing images and interviews with victims‘ families. This kind of coverageimplies such crimes are common occurrences. Audiences may then become unnecessarily fearful, avoid going out at night, or even purchase weapons for self-defense, which could lead to more violence rather than less.
However, crime reporting serves an important function in raising awareness and promoting justice. For example, when journalists cover a case of police brutality or domestic violence, it can lead to public outcry and legal action against the perpetrators. A famous example is the 2020 murder of George Floyd in the U.S., which sparked global protests against police violence after the video footage was widely shared by the media. Without media coverage, many injustices would go unnoticed. To mitigate the concerns of critics, governments and media organizations can intensify current collaborations to ensure crime reporting is factual and responsible, rather than sensationalized. For instance, they could avoid showing graphic images, limit the use of criminals’ names and photos to prevent glorification, and provide context about crime trends rather than focusing only on isolated incidents.
In conclusion, while there are valid concerns about media coverage of violent crime increasing public fear and inspiring criminals, banning it outright is not the answer. Doing so would prevent the public from being informed.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
· Reporting violent crimes → Covering acts of violence
· Causes unnecessary fear among the public → Instills undue panic in society
· Coverage → Media reporting
· Therefore be banned → Should consequently be prohibited
· Sensationalized crime coverage → Overhyped reporting on criminal activity
· Completely banning → Outright prohibiting
· Do more harm than good → Have a net negative impact
· One major concern is → A key issue is
· Excessive reporting on violent crime → Overexposure of criminal incidents in the media
· Unsafe → Perceived as dangerous
· Areas where crime rates are low → Regions with minimal criminal activity
· Steadily decreasing over the past few decades → Consistently declining over the years
· Media outlets → News organizations
· Shocking incidents → Disturbing events
· Becoming worse → Deteriorating
· Studies have shown that → Research indicates that
· Significant drop → Notable decline
· Public perception remains the opposite → General opinion contradicts this trend
· Broadcasting disturbing images → Air shocking visuals
· Victims’ → Survivors’
· This kind of coverage implies → Such reporting suggests
· Common occurrences → Frequent events
· Audiences → Viewers
· Unnecessarily fearful → Overly anxious
· Avoid going out at night → Refrain from venturing out after dark
· Purchase weapons for self-defense → Acquire firearms for protection
· Lead to more violence rather than less → Escalate aggression instead of reducing it
· Serves an important function in raising awareness and promoting justice → Plays a crucial role in informing the public and advocating for fairness
· Journalists cover a case of police brutality or domestic violence → Reporters investigate incidents of excessive force or abuse
· Lead to public outcry → Trigger widespread outrage
· Legal action against the perpetrators → Prosecution of offenders
· A famous example is → A well-known case is
· Sparked global protests against police violence after the video footage was widely shared by the media → Ignited worldwide demonstrations against law enforcement brutality following the viral spread of recorded evidence
· Without media coverage → In the absence of press reporting
· Unnoticed → Overlooked
· Mitigate the concerns of critics → Address the objections of skeptics
· Intensify current collaborations → Strengthen ongoing partnerships
· Ensure → Guarantee
· Factual and responsible → Accurate and ethical
· Rather than sensationalized → Instead of exaggerated
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
Some argue that r__________________________s in newspapers and on TV c_______________________________c and such c_______e should t__________________________d. While I agree that s____________________________e can have negative effects, c____________________g it would d____________________d.
O_____________________s that e_____________________e makes people feel u____e, even in a___________________________________w. For example, in many developed countries, violent crime has been s_______________________________s. However, due to the way m_________s focus on s___________________s, many people believe crime is b_____________e. In the United States, s__________________________t despite a s___________p in violent crime since the 1990s, p_________________________________e. News programs f__________________________________r, r_______y, and a_____t, often b_____________________s and interviews with v______s‘ families. T_____________________________s such crimes are c_____________s. A________s may then become u_____________________l, a__________________________t, or even p_______________________e, which could l________________________________s.
However, crime reporting s________________________________________________________________________e. For example, when j_______________________________________________________________e, it can l_____________y and l_____________________________s. A_________________________________s the 2020 murder of George Floyd in the U.S., which s___________________________________________________________________________________a. W______________________e, many injustices would go u____________d. To m_________________s, governments and media organizations can i________________________________s to e_______e crime reporting is f________________e, r__________________________d. For instance, they could a_____________________________________s, l_______________________________________________________________n, and p______________t about c___________s rather than f___________________________________s.
In conclusion, w____________________________t media coverage of violent crime increasing public fear and inspiring criminals, banning it o_______t is n___________r. Doing so would p_____________________d.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
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