In certain countries, primary and secondary schools close for two months or more in the summer holidays.
What is the value of long school holidays?
What are the arguments in favour of shorter school holidays?
While long school holidays have traditionally been considered a necessary break in the academic calendar, their value is under increasing scrutiny today. In my opinion, the benefits of a rest period greatly outweigh any perceived learning losses.
The most commonly cited drawback of a long holiday concerns the issue of “summer learning loss,” particularly for younger students. A study by independent organizations in the United States reported that students lose on average one month of learning in reading and mathematics during long holidays, with low-income students disproportionately affected. In countries like the Netherlands, where the summer break is just six weeks, the curriculum is structured to minimize this gap. Shorter, more frequent holidays spread throughout the year, as is standard in Japan, can help maintain academic momentum while still providing students periodic relief from stressful academic work.
The primary advantage of extended school holidays is the opportunity to recharge physically and emotionally. After months of studying, tests, and regimented schedules, children often suffer from burnout. A long summer holiday allows them to recuperate. For example, in countries like Germany, which has a six-week summer break, students use the time to travel domestically with family, attend music camps, or participate in forest schools, programs that build resilience and curiosity through outdoor education. These activities foster creativity, independence, and problem-solving skills that the classroom often cannot accommodate. Relatedly, teachers also benefit from this pause, using the time to develop lesson plans, attend professional development workshops, or simply avoid occupational fatigue, which has been linked to high attrition rates in many countries.
In conclusion, long school holidays undoubtedly offer valuable time for rest despite the marginal impact on academics. The summer holiday period should be embraced by all interested parties and governing bodies.
Analysis
1. While long school holidays have traditionally been considered a necessary break in the academic calendar, their value is under increasing scrutiny today. 2. In my opinion, the benefits of a rest period greatly outweigh any perceived learning losses.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. The most commonly cited drawback of a long holiday concerns the issue of “summer learning loss,” particularly for younger students. 2. A study by independent organizations in the United States reported that students lose on average one month of learning in reading and mathematics during long holidays, with low-income students disproportionately affected. 3. In countries like the Netherlands, where the summer break is just six weeks, the curriculum is structured to minimize this gap. 4. Shorter, more frequent holidays spread throughout the year, as is standard in Japan, can help maintain academic momentum while still providing students periodic relief from stressful academic work.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
1. The primary advantage of extended school holidays is the opportunity to recharge physically and emotionally. 2. After months of studying, tests, and regimented schedules, children often suffer from burnout. 3. A long summer holiday allows them to recuperate. 4. For example, in countries like Germany, which has a six-week summer break, students use the time to travel domestically with family, attend music camps, or participate in forest schools, programs that build resilience and curiosity through outdoor education. 5. These activities foster creativity, independence, and problem-solving skills that the classroom often cannot accommodate. 6. Relatedly, teachers also benefit from this pause, using the time to develop lesson plans, attend professional development workshops, or simply avoid occupational fatigue, which has been linked to high attrition rates in many countries.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Vary long and short sentences.
Finish the paragraph strong.
1. In conclusion, long school holidays undoubtedly offer valuable time for rest despite the marginal impact on academics. 2. The summer holiday period should be embraced by all interested parties and governing bodies.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
While long school holidays have traditionally been considered a necessary break in the academic calendar, their value is under increasing scrutiny today. In my opinion, the benefits of a rest period greatly outweigh any perceived learning losses.
The most commonly cited drawback of a long holiday concerns the issue of “summer learning loss,” particularly for younger students. A study by independent organizations in the United States reported that students lose on average one month of learning in reading and mathematics during long holidays, with low-income students disproportionately affected. In countries like the Netherlands, where the summer break is just six weeks, the curriculum is structured to minimize this gap. Shorter, more frequent holidays spread throughout the year, as is standard in Japan, can help maintain academic momentum while still providing students periodic relief from stressful academic work.
The primary advantage of extended school holidays is the opportunity to recharge physically and emotionally. After months of studying, tests, and regimented schedules, children often suffer from burnout. A long summer holiday allows them to recuperate. For example, in countries like Germany, which has a six-week summer break, students use the time to travel domestically with family, attend music camps, or participate in forest schools, programs that build resilience and curiosity through outdoor education. These activities foster creativity, independence, and problem-solving skills that the classroom often cannot accommodate. Relatedly, teachers also benefit from this pause, using the time to develop lesson plans, attend professional development workshops, or simply avoid occupational fatigue, which has been linked to high attrition rates in many countries.
In conclusion, long school holidays undoubtedly offer valuable time for rest despite the marginal impact on academics. The summer holiday period should be embraced by all interested parties and governing bodies.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
long school holidays ➜ extended academic breaks
traditionally been considered a necessary break ➜ historically viewed as an essential respite
academic calendar ➜ school-year schedule
value is under increasing scrutiny today ➜ its benefits are being questioned more and more
rest period greatly outweigh any perceived learning losses ➜ downtime significantly surpasses any supposed educational setbacks
The most commonly cited drawback of ➜ The most frequently mentioned disadvantage of
concerns the issue of ➜ relates to the matter of
particularly for ➜ especially in the case of
A study by independent organizations in ➜ Research conducted by third-party institutions in
lose on average one month of learning in reading and mathematics during long holidays ➜ typically fall behind by about four weeks in literacy and numeracy over extended breaks
low-income students disproportionately affected ➜ students from disadvantaged backgrounds are more severely impacted
curriculum ➜ course of study
structured to minimize this gap ➜ designed to reduce this disparity
more frequent holidays spread throughout the year ➜ shorter breaks distributed evenly across the calendar
as is standard in Japan ➜ following the model commonly used in Japan
help maintain academic momentum ➜ support consistent educational progress
providing students periodic relief ➜ offering learners regular intervals of rest
stressful academic work ➜ demanding school-related tasks
recharge physically and emotionally ➜ restore both body and mind
travel domestically ➜ take trips within the country
attend music camps ➜ enroll in musical enrichment programs
participate in forest schools ➜ join nature-based educational programs
programs that build resilience and curiosity through outdoor education ➜ initiatives promoting mental strength and inquisitiveness via nature-based learning
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
While long __________ holidays have traditionally __________________________________ break in the academic _____________r, their value ______________________________ today. In my opinion, the benefits of a rest ______________________________________________ losses.
The _______________________________ of a long holiday concerns _____________ of “summer learning loss,” particularly ___r younger students. A ___________________________________________ in the United States reported that students lose ______________________________________________________________________ holidays, with low-income ___________________________ affected. In countries like the Netherlands, where the summer break is just six weeks, the c____________m is structured ____________________________ gap. Shorter, more ____________________________________________________ year, as ________________ Japan, can help _______________________ momentum while still providing ___________________ relief from stressful __________________ work.
The primary advantage of extended school holidays is the opportunity to recharge _________________ emotionally. After months of studying, tests, and regimented ____________s, children often suffer from b__________t. A long summer holiday allows them to r__________e. For example, in countries like Germany, which has a six-week summer break, students use the time to travel _______________y with family, attend ___________ camps, or participate _______________ schools, programs ___________________________________________________________ education. These activities foster ______________________________________________ skills that the classroom often cannot a____________e. R__________y, teachers also benefit from this p_______e, using the time to develop ___________________________________________________ workshops, or simply avoid _______________ fatigue, which has ____________ linked to high _______________ rates in many countries.
In conclusion, long school holidays u____________y offer valuable _______________________________________________ academics. The summer ____________ period should be embraced _____________________ parties and governing _________s.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Question 2: Do you usually spend your days off with your parents or with your friends?
Question 3: Do you make plans for your day off?
Question 4: When was the last time you had a few days off?
Writing Practice
Practice with the related IELTS essay topic:
Some people believe that the experiences children have before they go to school will have the greatest effect on their future life. Others argue that experiences gained when they are teenagers have a bigger influence.
This is my IELTS writing task 1 sample answer essay on the topic of the population of New York City from the newly released Cambridge 20 books of past IELTS tests.
If you sign up for my Patreon below, you will get access to many years’ worth of past EBook and PDFs – that are only available on Patreon here:
IELTS Cambridge 20 Task 1 Essay: Population of New York City
The first table below shows changes in the total population of New York City from 1800 to 2000. The second and third tables show changes in the population of the five districts of the city (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, Staten Island) over the same period.
The tables detail overall population figures in New York City and statistics concerning the surrounding boroughs compared to Manhattan from the year 1800 to 2000. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the dramatic overall growth is strongly correlated with increases in population growth outside of Manhattan. The proportional dominance of the outer boroughs over Manhattan has widened notably in the last century in particular.
In the year 1800, the vast majority of New York City’s total population (79,216) was situated in Manhattan (60,515 or 76%), far above the corresponding figure for other outlying districts (18,710 or 24%). Over the subsequent century, there occurred a pronounced shift with a narrow majority of 54% of the population (1,850,093) living in Manhattan and 46% outside the city center (1,587,109). The total population figure also surged to 3,437,202.
In the last one hundred years, the pattern detailed above only increased in velocity as other districts now represent 81% of the population at a total population figure of 6,471,089. In contrast, residents in Manhattan slipped to 19%, or 1,538,096. The combined total was 8,009,185.
Analysis
1. The tables detail overall population figures in New York City and statistics concerning the surrounding boroughs compared to Manhattan from the year 1800 to 2000. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the dramatic overall growth is strongly correlated with increases in population growth outside of Manhattan. 3. The proportional dominance of the outer boroughs over Manhattan has widened notably in the last century in particular.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear overview.
Your overview should be two sentences.
1. In the year 1800, the vast majority of New York City’s total population (79,216) was situated in Manhattan (60,515 or 76%), far above the corresponding figure for other outlying districts (18,710 or 24%). 2. Over the subsequent century, there occurred a pronounced shift with a narrow majority of 54% of the population (1,850,093) living in Manhattan and 46% outside the city center (1,587,109). 3. The total population figure also surged to 3,437,202.
Begin describing the data.
Make sure that you compare between sentences.
And include as much data as possible.
1. In the last one hundred years, the pattern detailed above only increased in velocity as other districts now represent 81% of the population at a total population figure of 6,471,089. 2. In contrast, residents in Manhattan slipped to 19%, or 1,538,096. 3. The combined total was 8,009,185.
Switch to the other table.
Vary short and long sentences.
Include everything and keep comparing.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
The tables detailoverall population figures in New York City and statistics concerning the surrounding boroughs compared to Manhattan from the year 1800 to 2000. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the dramatic overall growth is strongly correlated with increases in population growth outside of Manhattan. The proportional dominance of the outer boroughs over Manhattan has widened notably in the last century in particular.
In the year 1800, the vast majority of New York City’s total population (79,216) was situated in Manhattan (60,515 or 76%), far above the corresponding figure for other outlying districts (18,710 or 24%). Over the subsequent century, there occurred a pronounced shift with a narrow majority of 54% of the population (1,850,093) living in Manhattan and 46% outside the city center (1,587,109). The total population figure also surged to 3,437,202.
In the last one hundred years, the pattern detailed above only increased in velocity as other districts now represent 81% of the population at a total population figure of 6,471,089. In contrast, residents in Manhattan slipped to 19%, or 1,538,096. The combined total was 8,009,185.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
Original: detail overall population figures Synonym: outline total demographic numbers
Original: in statistics concerning the surrounding boroughs Synonym: within data related to neighboring districts
Original: compared to Synonym: in contrast with
Original: Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the dramatic overall growth Synonym: From a broad viewpoint, it is clear that the significant expansion
Original: strongly correlated with increases Synonym: closely linked to rises
Original: population growth outside of Synonym: demographic expansion beyond
Original: proportional dominance of the outer boroughs over Synonym: relative majority of the peripheral areas compared to
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
The tables detail____________________ in New York City and statistics ___________________________________________________ to Manhattan from the year 1800 to 2000. Looking _______________________________________________ that the dramatic _____________ growth is strongly _____________________ increases in population ______________________ of Manhattan. The proportional ______________________________________ over Manhattan has widened __________________________________ particular.
In the year 1800, the _____________ of New York City’s total population (79,216) was s________d in Manhattan (60,515 or 76%), far __________________________________________________ districts (18,710 or 24%). Over ____________________ century, there __________________________________ shift with a narrow _______________ of 54% of the population (1,850,093) living in Manhattan and 46% outside _____________ center (1,587,109). The total population figure also s________d to 3,437,202.
In ___________________________ years, the pattern _____________________________________ velocity as other districts now r__________t 81% of the population at ____________________________ of 6,471,089. In contrast, r_________s in Manhattan s_______d to 19%, or 1,538,096. The c_______________ total was 8,009,185.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
This is my IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of water being a basic human right from the recently released IELTS Cambridge 20 book of past essays.
If you sign up for my Patreon below, you will get access to many years’ worth of past EBook and PDFs – that are only available on Patreon here:
IELTS Cambridge 20: Clean Water is a Basic Human Right
Access to clean water is a basic human right. Therefore every home should have a water supply that is provided free of charge.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Analysis
1. It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. 2. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. 2. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. 3. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. 4. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. 5. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. 6. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
The examples should be very specific.
Better to have more detail.
1. On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. 2. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. 3. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. 4. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. 5. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. 6. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Keep adding more detail.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. 2. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
It is often argued that since access to clean water is a fundamental human right, it should be given to every household free of charge. I agree that clean water is essential and should be universally accessible, despite the potential expense of such a proposal.
One the one hand, providing unlimited free water to every home engenders serious logistical and financial challenges. Water treatment, maintenance of pipelines, and distribution all require funding, skilled labor, and dedicated infrastructure. If water were completely free, there would be little incentive for consumers to use it responsibly, leading to wastage and overconsumption. Consider the example of California during its 2011–2017 drought: despite public campaigns, many affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns and fill large swimming pools, as water prices were heavily subsidized. This overuse strained reservoirs and forced emergency water restrictions. As a response, nations like Singapore have implemented a tiered pricing system where basic water needs are affordable, but excessive use is charged at higher rates.
On the other hand, the argument that clean water is a human right is supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning. Water is vital not only for drinking, but for cooking, hygiene, and sanitation. Without it, communities are vulnerable to diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, all of which are preventable with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still lack safe water access, avoidable waterborne illnesses cause more deaths each year than armed conflicts. In this context, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford fosters an unjust system where survival equates to income. Governments, therefore, have a duty to ensure that no citizens are denied this basic resource, especially in less affluent or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, despite the practical challenges posed. A fair solution would safeguard free access to water for the general public regardless of the financial ramifications.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
It is often argued that → Many people believe that
access to clean water → the ability to obtain safe drinking water
a fundamental human right → a basic right every person should have
given to every household free of charge → provided to all homes at no cost
universally accessible → available to everyone everywhere
despite the potential expense of such a proposal → even though it could be very costly
On the one hand → From one perspective
engenders serious logistical and financial challenges → creates major planning and cost problems
Water treatment → cleaning and purifying water
maintenance of pipelines → keeping water pipes in good condition
distribution → delivery to users
funding → financial support
skilled labor → trained workers
dedicated infrastructure → special systems and facilities
there would be little incentive for → people would have few reasons to
responsibly → in a careful and thoughtful way
wastage and overconsumption → using too much and not conserving
Consider the example of → Take, for instance,
Drought → a long period without enough rain
public campaigns → government awareness efforts
affluent neighborhoods continued to overwater their lawns → wealthy areas kept using too much water on their gardens
fill large swimming pools → use water for big private pools
heavily subsidized → mostly paid for by the government
This overuse strained reservoirs → this extra use put pressure on water supplies
forced emergency water restrictions → led to strict limits on water use
implemented → put into action
tiered pricing system → a pay scale with different levels
Affordable → reasonably priced
excessive use is charged at higher rates → high usage costs more
On the other hand → From another point of view
argument → viewpoint
supported by strong moral and humanitarian reasoning → backed by ethical and compassionate thinking
vital → extremely important
hygiene → staying clean
sanitation → safe systems for waste and cleanliness
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I__________________t since a________________r is a______________________t, it should be g_____________________e. I agree that clean water is essential and should be u_______________________e, d____________________________l.
O_____________d, providing unlimited free water to every home e___________________________________________s. W_____________t, m____________________s, and d__________n all require f_______g, s_________r, and d_________________e. If water were completely free, t____________________________________r consumers to use it r___________y, leading to w_____________________________n. C__________________of California during its 2011–2017 d_______t: despite p_____________s, many a_____________________________________________s and f_________________s, as water prices were h______________d. T_________________________s and f_____________________s. As a response, nations like Singapore have i__________d a t___________m where basic water needs are a_________e, but e______________s.
O_____________d, the a________t that clean water is a human right is s_____________________________________________________g. Water is v_____l not only for drinking, but for cooking, h_______e, and s_________n. W_______t, communities are v____________________s such as c________a, d_________y, and t________d, all of which are p___________e with access to clean water. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, where millions still l________________________s, a_______________________s cause more deaths each year than a______________s. I________________t, expecting individuals to pay for water they cannot afford f______________________________________________________e. Governments, therefore, h__________________e that no citizens are d______________________________e, especially in l_____________t or rural areas.
In conclusion, I strongly agree that every individual deserves access to clean water as a basic human right, d_______________________________d. A___________________d free access to water for t_____________________________________________s.
Simplified Version
Some people believe that clean water is a basic human right. Because of this, they think every home should get water for free. I agree that everyone should have access to clean water, even if it is expensive for the government.
On one hand, giving free water to every home is not easy. It costs money to clean water, fix pipes, and deliver water to people’s homes. If water is free, people might waste it. They might use too much and not be careful. For example, during a drought in California from 2011 to 2017, many rich areas used a lot of water for their gardens and swimming pools. This happened even though there was not enough water. The government had to make new rules to stop this. Some countries, like Singapore, have a better system. They make basic water use cheap, but if people use too much, they have to pay more.
On the other hand, clean water is very important. People need it to drink, cook, and stay clean. Without clean water, people can get sick from diseases like cholera or typhoid. In some poor parts of Africa, many people still do not have clean water. Every year, many die from diseases that clean water could prevent. If people must pay for water and they don’t have money, they may suffer. This is not fair. Governments should help poor families and rural areas get the water they need.
In conclusion, I believe that clean water is a basic human right. Everyone should be able to use it, even if it costs the government a lot. A good system would give water for free to everyone who needs it.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Some believe that research on family history is a useful thing to do, while others disagree.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Analysis
1. In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. 2. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. 2. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. 3. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. 4. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. 5. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Better to have more detail.
1. On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. 2. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. 3. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. 4. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. 5. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. 6. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. 7. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. 8. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
The more detail, the better.
Continue expanding on your ideas.
Be specific with your details.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. 2. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
In recent years, many people have become increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry. While some argue that learning about family history can offer valuable insights into personal identity, I believe that it is a waste of time and resources on the whole.
On the one hand, supporters of researching family history believe that it can foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was adopted as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to uncover her biological roots. Through online databases, DNA testing, and eventually hiring a genealogist, she discovered that her maternal family came from rural Vietnam and had immigrated to the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a sense of closure but also allowed her to reconnect with relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a deeply meaningful journey that enriches their lives and strengthens their connection to their heritage.
On the other hand, critics argue that researching family history can be a time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor. Not everyone has access to detailed records, especially those whose ancestors came from regions affected by war, colonization, or poor documentation. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to trace their lineage as many records have been destroyed during political unrest. After spending months and a considerable amount of money, this person may give up, frustrated by the lack of progress. In such cases, the process can feel more like long errand than a meaningful pursuit. This focus on the past can distract from the present and future. Investing time and money into discovering long-lost ancestors can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today. For example, a single mother working two jobs may find little value in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be deeply rewarding for some, I believe that it is generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity. The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on an individual’s personal circumstances, access to resources, and what they hope to gain from the experience.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
In recent years → Over the past few years
increasingly interested in tracing their ancestry → more inclined to explore their family roots
family history → ancestral background
offer valuable insights into personal identity → provide important clues about one’s sense of self
a waste of time and resources → an inefficient use of energy and money
on the whole → overall
On the one hand → From one perspective
foster a deeper understanding of one’s identity → encourage greater self-awareness
adopted → raised by non-biological parents
uncover her biological roots → discover her genetic origins
Through online databases → Using internet-based genealogical tools
DNA testing → genetic analysis
eventually hiring a genealogist → ultimately employing a family history expert
maternal family → mother’s side of the family
rural Vietnam → countryside in Vietnam
immigrated to → relocated to another country
a sense of closure → emotional resolution
reconnect with → re-establish ties with
deeply meaningful journey → profound personal quest
enriches → enhances
strengthens their connection to their heritage → deepens their bond with cultural roots
On the other hand → Conversely
critics argue that → skeptics claim that
time-consuming and ultimately fruitless endeavor → lengthy and potentially unrewarding task
detailed records → comprehensive documentation
regions affected by war → areas impacted by conflict
colonization → imperial rule
poor documentation → inadequate recordkeeping
trace their lineage → follow their ancestral trail
destroyed during political unrest → lost amid civil turmoil
a considerable amount of money → a significant financial investment
may give up → could abandon the search
frustrated by the lack of progress → disheartened by slow results
In such cases → Under these circumstances
long errand → drawn-out task
meaningful pursuit → worthwhile endeavor
distract from the present and future → shift focus away from current and upcoming priorities
long-lost → estranged or forgotten
can be seen as indulgent given the more serious personal and public issues that face all individuals today → may seem self-indulgent in light of more pressing societal and personal challenges
find little value → see limited benefit
struggling simply to pay bills and take care of her children → barely managing financial responsibilities and childcare
deeply rewarding → highly fulfilling
generally a poor use of time, resources, and curiosity → often an unwise investment of effort, funds, and interest
The ultimate usefulness of such research largely depends on → How beneficial this type of exploration is often hinges on
individual’s personal circumstances → someone’s unique life situation
access to resources → availability of support and tools
what they hope to gain from the experience → the outcomes they aim to achieve
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I_____________s, many people have become i_____________________________y. While some argue that learning about f____________y can o_____________________________y, I believe that it is a__________________________e.
O______________d, supporters of researching family history believe that it can f______________________________________y. For instance, my friend Jessica, who was a________d as a baby in Canada, spent years trying to u_______________s. T______________________s, D____________g, and e___________________t, she discovered that her m___________y came from r___________________m and had i______________o the United States during the Vietnam War. This discovery not only provided a_______________e but also allowed her to r____________h relatives and learn about her culture’s traditions, language, and values. For people like Jessica, family history research can be a d_________________y that e__________s their lives and s_________________________________________e.
O________________d, c________________t researching family history can be a t_______________________________________________r. Not everyone has access to d______________s, especially those whose ancestors came from r___________________r, c_______________n, or p__________________n. A person today in Zimbabwe may not be able to t__________________________e as many records have been d_________________________t. After spending months and a_____________________________y, this person m_______________p, f_______________________________________s. I___________s, the process can feel more like l_________d than a m____________t. This focus on the past can d______________________________e. Investing time and money into discovering l_____________t ancestors c___________________________________________________________________________________y. For example, a single mother working two jobs may f_____________e in knowing her great-grandfather was a fisherman in Ireland when she is s__________________________________________n.
In conclusion, while researching family history can be d______________g for some, I believe that it is g____________________________________________________________y. T_____________________________________________n an i___________________________s, a_______________s, and w___________________________e.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Developing countries should be encouraged to implement high tariffs to grow their local industries.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Analysis
1. In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. 2. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. 2. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. 3. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. 4. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
1. However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. 2. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. 3. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. 4. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. 5. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. 6. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Keep adding detail.
This essay is a bit long – aim for about 275 words.
1. In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. 2. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
In recent years, there has been considerable debate regarding whether developing countries should impose high tariffs to protect and nurture local industries. While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach, on balance, such a strategy may not always be the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth.
On one hand, high tariffs can provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries. By imposing tariffs on imported goods, local businesses are protected from international competition, allowing them to grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market. For example, in countries like Vietnam, tariffs on foreign electronics and automobiles have given local manufacturers a chance to scale up their operations, improve technology, and create jobs for the local workforce. In such cases, tariffs act as a shield, fostering the development of domestic industries and enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time.
However, high tariffs can lead to higher prices for consumers and impact core industries. In a developing economy, where many people already struggle with low wages, the imposition of tariffs can make essential goods more expensive, further exacerbating inequality. For example, in certain Southeast Asian countries, high tariffs on imported agricultural equipment have made it more expensive for local farmers to access modern machinery, limiting their productivity and overall income. Relatedly, if industries are protected from competition for too long, they may not innovate or improve their products and services, as they are not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies. In some cases, this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards. Despite high tariffs on foreign rice in countries like India, the local rice industry has struggled to modernize and remain competitive with other rice-exporting nations such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while high tariffs can offer short-term benefits for developing countries, I believe they should only be implemented cautiously and with a clear focus on long-term strategies. A balanced approach that combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
In recent years → In the past few years
there has been considerable debate regarding whether → there has been much discussion about whether
impose high tariffs → enforce steep tariffs
protect and nurture local industries → safeguard and support domestic industries
While there are compelling arguments in favor of this approach → Although there are strong reasons to support this method
on balance → overall
strategy → approach
the most effective solution for fostering sustainable economic growth → the most viable method for promoting long-term economic development
provide temporary relief to fledgling industries in developing countries → offer short-term support to nascent industries in emerging nations
By imposing tariffs on imported goods → Through levying taxes on foreign products
protected from international competition → shielded from global competition
grow and improve their productivity without the immediate threat of cheaper foreign products undercutting the market → expand and enhance their efficiency without the immediate risk of less expensive imports undermining the market
tariffs → duties
local manufacturers → domestic producers
scale up their operations → expand their businesses
create jobs for the local workforce → generate employment for the national labor force
In such cases → Under these circumstances
shield → protect
fostering the development of domestic industries → encouraging the growth of homegrown industries
enabling them to become more competitive in the global market over time → allowing them to gain a competitive edge in the international marketplace gradually
lead to higher prices for consumers → result in increased costs for consumers
impact core industries → affect key sectors
struggle with low wages → face challenges with inadequate salaries
imposition → enforcement
make essential goods more expensive → raise the cost of basic necessities
further exacerbating inequality → deepening social disparities
in certain Southeast Asian countries → in some nations across Southeast Asia
local farmers to access modern machinery → local agricultural workers to acquire advanced tools
limiting their productivity → hindering their efficiency
Relatedly → In connection with this
protected from competition for too long → shielded from rivalry for an extended period
innovate or improve their products → create new or enhance their offerings
not under the same pressure to compete with more efficient global companies → not facing the same competition from more proficient international firms
In some cases → Occasionally
this results in the growth of uncompetitive industries that fail to meet global standards → this leads to the development of inefficient sectors that cannot compete with international benchmarks
Despite high tariffs on foreign rice → Even with steep taxes on imported rice
struggled to modernize and remain competitive with → found it difficult to modernize and stay competitive with
rice-exporting nations → countries that export rice
high tariffs → steep duties
offer short-term benefits for developing countries → provide immediate advantages for emerging nations
implemented cautiously → enforced carefully
with a clear focus on long-term strategies → with a clear emphasis on sustained policies
A balanced approach → A well-rounded strategy
combines targeted protection for emerging industries with efforts to increase global competitiveness → merges specific safeguards for growing industries with initiatives to boost international competitiveness
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
I_____________s, t____________________________________________________r developing countries should i_______________s to p______________________________________s. W________________________________________________________________h, o_____________e, such a s_________y may not always be t________________________________________________h.
On one hand, high tariffs can p_____________________________________________________________s. B_______________________________________s, local businesses are p____________________________________n, allowing them to g_________________________________________________________________________________________________________t. For example, in countries like Vietnam, t__________s on foreign electronics and automobiles have given l_________________s a chance to s__________________________s, improve technology, and c____________________________e. I_____________s, tariffs act as a s_______d, f____________________________________________________s and e____________________________________________________________________________________e.
However, high tariffs can l___________________________________s and i__________________s. In a developing economy, where many people already s____________________s, the i______________on of tariffs can m______________________________e, f_____________________________y. For example, i___________________________s, high tariffs on i_____________________________t have made it more expensive for l______________________________________y, l________________________y and overall income. R____________y, if industries are p___________________________________g, they may not i__________________________________s and services, as they are n____________________________________________________________________________s. I_____________s, t___________________________________________________________________________s. D__________________________e in countries like India, the local rice industry has s_______________________________________h other r_________________________s such as Vietnam and Thailand.
In conclusion, while h_____________s can o______________________________________________s, I believe they should only be i________________________y and w___________________________________s. A___________________h that c_____________________________________________________________________________________________________s.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
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