As the number of cars increases, more money has to be spent on road systems. Some people think the government should pay for this. Others, however, think that drivers should cover the costs.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some today have argued that the funding for road systems should be the responsibility of governments instead of individuals. In my opinion, although maintaining roads can be considered a public service, private motorists should pay in order to more generally benefit society.
Proponents of governments assuming road costs argue this is a basic service tax-payers expect. In all countries, working adults must pay a certain percentage of their monthly salary to the government. From these contributions, individuals justly feel entitled to a variety of public services ranging from police and fire departments to affordable hospitals and safe infrastructure. Roads are a key component in this contract as most people drive in order to go to work, see friends, and take holidays. The government will itself benefit not only from fulfilling this mandate but also in terms of the financial byproduct of consumers being outside actively contributing to a market economy.
However, forcing drivers to pay these costs will greatly discourage private automobile ownership. This disincentive is crucial today because cities are overcrowded and private vehicles contribute to rising pollution levels. In large cities such as New York City and Tokyo, it is nearly impossible to traverse the city by automobile at peak rush hours. If there were fewer cars on the road, then people could travel more freely on bicycles, on foot, and using public transportation. Additionally, private vehicles are inefficient. Other forms of travel leave relatively small carbon footprints but cars, often carrying only one or two passengers, use more petrol than would normally be required to transport people. Replace cars with more efficient transport options and there would be a marked decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels.
In conclusion, despite the strong argument that tax-payers deserve public infrastructure such as roads, it is more important to discourage individuals from purchasing cars. In the long-term, this will greatly benefit cities and the world as a whole.
Analysis
1. Some today have argued that the funding for road systems should be the responsibility of governments instead of individuals. 2. In my opinion, although maintaining roads can be considered a public service, private motorists should pay in order to more generally benefit society.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Proponents of governments assuming road costs argue this is a basic service tax-payers expect. 2. In all countries, working adults must pay a certain percentage of their monthly salary to the government. 3. From these contributions, individuals justly feel entitled to a variety of public services ranging from police and fire departments to affordable hospitals and safe infrastructure. 4. Roads are a key component in this contract as most people drive in order to go to work, see friends, and take holidays. 5. The government will itself benefit not only from fulfilling this mandate but also in terms of the financial byproduct of consumers being outside actively contributing to a market economy.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
You might add a counterpoint here.
1. However, forcing drivers to pay these costs will greatly discourage private automobile ownership. 2. This disincentive is crucial today because cities are overcrowded and private vehicles contribute to rising pollution levels. 3. In large cities such as New York City and Tokyo, it is nearly impossible to traverse the city by automobile at peak rush hours. 4. If there were fewer cars on the road, then people could travel more freely on bicycles, on foot, and using public transportation. 5. Additionally, private vehicles are inefficient. 6. Other forms of travel leave relatively small carbon footprints but cars, often carrying only one or two passengers, use more petrol than would normally be required to transport people. 7. Replace cars with more efficient transport options and there would be a marked decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Continue your development.
This paragraph can be longer.
Finish the paragraph strong.
1. In conclusion, despite the strong argument that tax-payers deserve public infrastructure such as roads, it is more important to discourage individuals from purchasing cars. 2. In the long-term, this will greatly benefit cities and the world as a whole.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Some today have argued that the funding for road systems should be the responsibility of governments instead of individuals. In my opinion, although maintaining roads can be considered a public service, private motorists should pay in order to more generally benefit society.
Proponents of governments assuming road costs argue this is a basic service tax-payers expect. In all countries, working adults must pay a certain percentage of their monthly salary to the government. From these contributions, individuals justly feel entitled to a variety of public services ranging from police and fire departments to affordable hospitals and safe infrastructure. Roads are a key component in this contract as most people drive in order to go to work, see friends, and take holidays. The government will itself benefit not only from fulfilling this mandate but also in terms of the financial byproduct of consumers being outside actively contributing to a market economy.
However, forcing drivers to pay these costs will greatly discourage private automobile ownership. This disincentive is crucial today because cities are overcrowded and private vehicles contribute to rising pollution levels. In large cities such as New York City and Tokyo, it is nearly impossible to traverse the city by automobile at peak rush hours. If there were fewer cars on the road, then people could travel more freely on bicycles, on foot, and using public transportation. Additionally, private vehicles are inefficient. Other forms of travel leave relatively small carbon footprints but cars, often carrying only one or two passengers, use more petrol than would normally be required to transport people. Replace cars with more efficient transport options and there would be a marked decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels.
In conclusion, despite the strong argument that tax-payers deserve public infrastructure such as roads, it is more important to discourage individuals from purchasing cars. In the long-term, this will greatly benefit cities and the world as a whole.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
Some today have argued that many people have made the point that
funding money, resources
road systems streets
responsibility of governments duty of the authorities
maintaining roads keeping streets up
considered a public service for the public good
private motorists people who drive their own vehicles
pay in order to more generally benefit society give money to help everyone out
Proponents of people who support
assuming road costs taking on the expense of streets
basic service tax-payers expect minimum that people who pay taxes want
certain percentage of their monthly salary to the government some amount of their money every month to the state
contributions what they give
feel entitled to a variety of public services ranging from police and fire departments to affordable hospitals and safe infrastructure think they should get things from the government related to health, safety, and roads/buildings
key component crucial part of
contract deal
in order to so that
take holidays go on a trip
benefit not only from fulfilling this mandate good not only to satisfy the deal
in terms of concerning
financial byproduct economic result
consumers being outside actively contributing to a market economy people who buy things adding to the consumer market
forcing drivers to pay these costs making people who drive pay for it
greatly discourage private automobile ownership make people not want to own cars
disincentive does not encourage people to do it
crucial key
overcrowded overpopulated
private vehicles contribute to rising pollution levels cars add to more climate change
In large cities such as in big urban areas like
nearly impossible almost can’t happen
traverse go across
automobile at peak rush hours car when it gets busy
freely when they want
Additionally also
inefficient not a productive way
relatively small carbon footprints comparatively little added to pollution
carrying bringing along
petrol gas
normally be required to usually have to
Replace take the place of
transport options ways of getting around
marked decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels big fall in the use of gas
despite the strong argument that tax-payers deserve regardless of the good point citizens should get
discourage not encourage
In the long-term over time
greatly benefit cities and the world as a whole help urban areas and the whole Earth
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
S__________________________________t the f___________g for r______________s should be the r_________________________________s instead of individuals. In my opinion, although m________________s can be c____________________________e, p_____________________s should p__________________________________________y.
P_________________f governments a_______________________s argue this is a b____________________________t. In all countries, working adults must pay a c___________________________________________________________t. From these c______________s, individuals justly f___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________e. Roads are a k__________________t in this c__________t as most people drive i___________o go to work, see friends, and t____________s. The government will itself b_____________________________________________e but also i____________f the f_____________________t of c_____________________________________________________________y.
However, f_________________________________s will g______________________________________p. This d____________e is c_________l today because cities are o______________d and p_______________________________________s. I________________s New York City and Tokyo, it is n_______________e to t__________e the city by a_________________________s. If there were fewer cars on the road, then people could travel more f________y on bicycles, on foot, and using public transportation. A_______________y, private vehicles are i________________t. Other forms of travel leave r__________________________________s but cars, often c________g only one or two passengers, use more p________l than would n________________________o transport people. R__________e cars with more efficient t______________________s and there would be a m______________________________________________s.
In conclusion, d____________________________________________e public infrastructure such as roads, it is more important to d__________________e individuals from purchasing cars. I________________m, this will g_________________________________________________e.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
The table details age demographics and their relation to poverty in three states in the United States of America. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that there are more young individuals in Utah, while those over 60 in poverty are more common in California and especially Florida. Average incomes are generally highest in California and Florida and the largest proportion of total residents in poverty is highest in California, followed by Florida, and lastly Utah.
In California, 16% of all residents are under the official poverty line, with 17% of all residents under 18 years old and 13% over 60. These figures are broadly similar to Florida where 12% of the population is in poverty (16% of total residents under the age of 18 and a notable 23% over 60). In terms of average income, California was recorded at $23,000 and Florida slightly lower at $22,000.
The figures in Utah are markedly different as only 9% of residents are considered poor. Of the total population age demographics, 28% are under the age of 18 but just 8% are elderly individuals. Additionally, average earnings are lower than the other two states at just $17,000.
Analysis
1. The table details age demographics and their relation to poverty in three states in the United States of America. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that there are more young individuals in Utah, while those over 60 in poverty are more common in California and especially Florida. 3. Average incomes are generally highest in California and Florida and the largest proportion of total residents in poverty is highest in California, followed by Florida, and lastly Utah.
Paraphrase what the bar chart shows.
Write a clear overview summarising the differences.
This one is a little complex so it needs a second sentence for the overview.
1. In California, 16% of all residents are under the official poverty line, with 17% of all residents under 18 years old and 13% over 60. 2. These figures are broadly similar to Florida where 12% of the population is in poverty (16% of total residents under the age of 18 and a notable 23% over 60). 3. In terms of average income, California was recorded at $23,000 and Florida slightly lower at $22,000.
Begin writing about the data for the first categories.
Compare between each sentence.
Include all the data.
1. The figures in Utah are markedly different as only 9% of residents are considered poor. Of the total population age demographics, 28% are under the age of 18 but just 8% are elderly individuals. 2. Additionally, average earnings are lower than the other two states at just $17,000.
Write about the final other parts of the graph – include everything!
Compare the categories.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
The table details age demographics and their relation to poverty in three states in the United States of America. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that there are more young individuals in Utah, while those over 60 in poverty are more common in California and especially Florida. Average incomes are generally highest in California and Florida and the largest proportion of total residents in poverty is highest in California, followed by Florida, and lastly Utah.
In California, 16% of all residents are under the official poverty line, with 17% of all residents under 18 years old and 13% over 60. These figures are broadly similar to Florida where 12% of the population is in poverty (16% of total residents under the age of 18 and a notable 23% over 60). In terms of average income, California was recorded at $23,000 and Florida slightly lower at $22,000.
The figures in Utah are markedly different as only 9% of residents are considered poor. Of the total population age demographics, 28% are under the age of 18 but just 8% are elderly individuals. Additionally, average earnings are lower than the other two states at just $17,000.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
details age demographics shows groups by how old people are
their relation to concerning
poverty not having much money, being poor
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
while however
common happens a lot
Average incomes how much you make
generally highest usually the most
largest proportion of total residents in biggest percentage of people who are
followed by after that
lastly finally
under the official poverty line are officially poor
broadly similar to about the same to
population how many people live there
notable significant
In terms of average income when it comes to how much they make/earn
slightly lower at a little less at
markedly different as only totally different because
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
The table d_______________________________s and t___________________________y in three states in the United States of America. L______________________________________________________t there are more young individuals in Utah, w_____e those over 60 in poverty are more c_____________n in California and especially Florida. A__________________s are g_________________t in California and Florida and the l______________________________________n poverty is highest in California, f______________y Florida, and l________y Utah.
In California, 16% of all residents are u__________________________e, with 17% of all residents under 18 years old and 13% over 60. These figures are b________________________o Florida where 12% of the p________________n is in poverty (16% of total residents under the age of 18 and a n_________e 23% over 60). I________________________e, California was recorded at $23,000 and Florida s___________________t $22,000.
The figures in Utah are m__________________t as only 9% of residents are c_____________d poor. Of the total population age demographics, 28% are under the age of 18 but just 8% are e_________y individuals. A___________y, average earnings are l___________n the other two states at j____t $17,000.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
Some people say that to prevent illness and disease, governments should focus more on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Certain concerned parties today contend that the optimal means of improving public health is to confront pressing environmental and housing problems. In my opinion, though these solutions would be helpful, it is more important to prioritize proper nutrition.
On the one hand, there are current issues concerning housing and the environment that impact health. Many illnesses and conditions are either directly or indirectly related to one’s environment. For instance, a person who lives in an overcrowded metropolis such as Hanoi or Beijing must deal on a daily basis with the immediate dangers of air pollution, potential drinking water contamination, car accidents, and elevated crimes rates. If there were fewer individuals in these cities and the air was cleaner because there were more open, green areas, then it is probable that hospitals would be able to focus more on a reduced number of patients.
On the other hand, there are various causes for diseases and the primary one is poor nutrition. In the last several decades, lifespans globally have increased exponentially, largely as a result of advances in medical science and greater understanding of the human body. A standout example of this would be the plant-based diets that are widely recommended by most nutritionists. A person who consumes little meat, reduces their carbohydrate intake, and mostly does not eat sugar will drastically lower the risk of conditions ranging from diabetes and heart disease to Alzheimer’s and cancer. National health authorities can widely and effectively address these health problems by legislating the levels of unhealthy ingredients in food products.
In conclusion, those in favor of combatting housing and environmental problems make legitimate arguments though improving the average citizen’s diet is in fact the best guarantee of good health. Naturally, governments should pursue a balanced policy.
Analysis
1. Certain concerned parties today contend that the optimal means of improving public health is to confront pressing environmental and housing problems. 2. In my opinion, though these solutions would be helpful, it is more important to prioritize proper nutrition.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. On the one hand, there are current issues concerning housing and the environment that impact health. 2. Many illnesses and conditions are either directly or indirectly related to one’s environment. 3. For instance, a person who lives in an overcrowded metropolis such as Hanoi or Beijing must deal on a daily basis with the immediate dangers of air pollution, potential drinking water contamination, car accidents, and elevated crimes rates. 4. If there were fewer individuals in these cities and the air was cleaner because there were more open, green areas, then it is probable that hospitals would be able to focus more on a reduced number of patients.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
1. On the other hand, there are various causes for diseases and the primary one is poor nutrition. 2. In the last several decades, lifespans globally have increased exponentially, largely as a result of advances in medical science and greater understanding of the human body. 3. A standout example of this would be the plant-based diets that are widely recommended by most nutritionists. 4. A person who consumes little meat, reduces their carbohydrate intake, and mostly does not eat sugar will drastically lower the risk of conditions ranging from diabetes and heart disease to Alzheimer’s and cancer. 5. National health authorities can widely and effectively address these health problems by legislating the levels of unhealthy ingredients in food products.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Continue your development.
1. In conclusion, those in favor of combatting housing and environmental problems make legitimate arguments though improving the average citizen’s diet is in fact the best guarantee of good health. 2. Naturally, governments should pursue a balanced policy.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Certain concerned parties today contend that the optimal means of improving public health is to confront pressing environmental and housing problems. In my opinion, though these solutions would be helpful, it is more important to prioritize proper nutrition.
On the one hand, there are current issues concerning housing and the environment that impact health. Many illnesses and conditions are either directly or indirectly related to one’s environment. For instance, a person who lives in an overcrowded metropolis such as Hanoi or Beijing must deal on a daily basis with the immediate dangers of air pollution, potential drinking water contamination, car accidents, and elevated crimes rates. If there were fewer individuals in these cities and the air was cleaner because there were more open, green areas, then it is probable that hospitals would be able to focus more on a reduced number of patients.
On the other hand, there are various causes for diseases and the primary one is poor nutrition. In the last several decades, lifespans globally have increased exponentially, largely as a result of advances inmedical science and greater understanding of the human body. A standout example of this would be the plant-based diets that are widely recommended by most nutritionists. A person who consumes little meat, reduces their carbohydrate intake, and mostly does not eat sugar will drastically lower the risk of conditions ranging from diabetes and heart disease to Alzheimer’s and cancer. National health authorities can widely and effectively address these health problems by legislating the levels of unhealthy ingredients in food products.
In conclusion, those in favor of combatting housing and environmental problems make legitimate arguments though improving the average citizen’s diet is in fact the best guarantee of good health. Naturally, governments should pursue a balanced policy.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
Certain concerned parties today contend some people now argue
optimal means of improving public health best ways of keeping people healthy
confront pressing environmental and housing problems deal with modern problems related to the environment and where people live
solutions remedies
prioritize proper nutrition care more about eating right
On the one hand firstly
current issues concerning new problems having to do with
illnesses sicknesses
conditions illnesses
either directly or indirectly related to one’s environment right from or somehow from what’s around you
overcrowded metropolis big cities
deal on a daily basis with the immediate dangers of air pollution handle every day with risks from unhealthy air
potential drinking water contamination possibly drinking bad water
elevated crimes rates more criminal offenses
more open, green areas public spaces and parks
then it is probable that therefore there is a good chance that
focus more on a reduced number of patients concentrate more on fewer sick people
On the other hand however
various causes for different reasons for
primary one main one
poor nutrition unhealthy
In the last several decades over 20 to 30 years
lifespans how long people live
increased exponentially went up a lot
largely as a result of advances inmedical science mostly because of better medicine
greater understanding of the human body better conception of human health
A standout example of this would be the best instance of this is
plant-based diets mostly just eating vegetables
widely recommended by most nutritionists the advice of most doctors
consumes little meat not eating too many animals
reduces their carbohydrate intake not having so many grains and breads
mostly does not eat sugar will drastically lower the risk of conditions ranging from diabetes and heart disease to Alzheimer’s and cancer not eating sweet foods makes it less likely you will get diabetes or have a heart attack or suffer from dementia or get cancer
National health authorities can widely and effectively address governments can unilaterally deal with
legislating putting into law
levels how high it is
unhealthy ingredients in food products fats, sugar, carbs
those in favor of combatting housing and environmental problems make legitimate arguments people who support working against these problems make good points
in fact the best guarantee of good health the optimal way to make sure you are healthy
Naturally of course
pursue a balanced policy follow a more moderate path
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
C_____________________________________d that the o_____________________________________h is to c___________________________________________________________s. In my opinion, though these s_________s would be helpful, it is more important to p________________________n.
O________________d, there are c___________________g housing and the environment that impact health. Many i___________s and c___________s are e_____________________________________________t. For instance, a person who lives in an o________________________s such as Hanoi or Beijing must d_______________________________________________________________n, p____________________________________________n, car accidents, and e________________________s. If there were fewer individuals in these cities and the air was cleaner because there were m______________________________s, t____________________________________t hospitals would be able to f____________________________________________s.
O_________________d, there are v___________________r diseases and the p_______________e is p________________n. I__________________________s, l____________s globally have i_____________________y, l_______________________________________e and g________________________________________y. A___________________________________e the p_________________s that are w_____________________________________s. A person who c_____________________t, r_________________________e, and m________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________r. N_________________________________s these health problems by l___________g the l________s of u___________________________________s.
In conclusion, t______________________________________________________________________s though improving the average citizen’s diet is i_____________________________h. N____________y, governments should p___________________________y.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching from YouTube below and practice with these activities:
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