Here is my newest IELTS Ebook – which is available only on my Patreon.com/howtodoielts.
The topic for this EBook is:
Older people often choose to spend money on themselves (e.g. on holidays) rather than save money for their children after retirement.
Is this a positive or negative development?
Sign up for that EBook and more!
This is an IELTS speaking sample test – but you will notice that the style is not exactly like the real IELTS speaking exam.
Check out some of my speaking sample answers for free on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@howtodoielts
I let the candidate speak longer so that I would have more to correct.
But otherwise, it is basically what you can expect on your speaking exam and this student is a really strong candidate – a band 7.5 or possible an 8.
This was our first lesson.
When she took the real test a few weeks later, she got a band 8.0 for speaking.
Enjoy!
This is an IELTS writing task 1 sample answer essay on the topic of the process of making smoked fish.
Please consider supporting my efforts to creative high quality IELTS materials for students around the world by signing up for my Patreon (and so you won’t miss out on any of my exclusive IELTS Ebooks)!
Dave
The diagram details the process of making smoked fish.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The process details the steps by which smoked fish is produced. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that smoking fish can be divided into 3 main stages beginning with catching and transportation, followed by storage and processing, and finally further storage and transportation to fish shops for retail.
The process commences when fish are caught in nets and then transported by boat to a port. From this point, they are frozen and then later undergo a thawing process in fresh water. The next stage is to slice open the fish and put them in a salt water solution that also contains some amount of yellow coloring. Following this, the actual smoking takes place.
After smoking, the fish are packaged in boxes and frozen at zero degrees centigrade in larger containers. They are finally grouped into cold storage bins and distributed by truck to shops to sell to consumers.
1. The process details the steps by which smoked fish is produced. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that smoking fish can be divided into 3 main stages beginning with catching and transportation, followed by storage and processing, and finally further storage and transportation to fish shops for retail.
1. The process commences when fish are caught in nets and then transported by boat to a port. 2. From this point, they are frozen and then later undergo a thawing process in fresh water. 3. The next stage is to slice open the fish and put them in a salt water solution that also contains some amount of yellow coloring. 4. Following this, the actual smoking takes place.
1. After smoking, the fish are packaged in boxes and frozen at zero degrees centigrade in larger containers. 2. They are finally grouped into cold storage bins and distributed by truck to shops to sell to consumers.
What do the words in bold below mean? Take some notes on a piece of paper to aid your memory:
The process details the steps by which smoked fish is produced. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that smoking fish can be divided into 3 main stages beginning with catching and transportation, followed by storage and processing, and finally further storage and transportation to fish shops for retail.
The process commences when fish are caught in nets and then transported by boat to a port. From this point, they are frozen and then later undergo a thawing process in fresh water. The next stage is to slice open the fish and put them in a salt water solution that also contains some amount of yellow coloring. Following this, the actual smoking takes place.
After smoking, the fish are packaged in boxes and frozen at zero degrees centigrade in larger containers. They are finally grouped into cold storage bins and distributed by truck to shops to sell to consumers.
Try practicing with the vocabulary below by writing an antonym/opposite word on a piece of paper (or just thinking of one):
The process details the steps by which smoked fish produced the diagram shows the ways fish is made into smoked fish
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
can be divided into 3 main stages can be grouped into 3 big groups
beginning with catching and transportation starting with finding and taking to
followed by storage and processing after that keeping and making
finally further storage lastly keeping again
transportation sending to a place
fish shops places where fish are sold
retail for sale in shops
process commences diagram starts
caught in nets fishermen catch them
transported by boat to a port sent by ships to the docks where ships are
From this point starting here
frozen turned to ice
then later undergo a thawing process in fresh water after that the ice melts in water without salt
The next stage is to slice open the fish the fish are then cut open
put them in a salt water solution place in water with salt
contains some amount of yellow coloring has some yellow chemical in it
Following this after this
actual smoking takes place the real cooking happens
After next
packaged in boxes and frozen at zero degrees centigrade in larger containers put in containers at 0C and then bigger ones
finally grouped into cold storage bins lastly put into boxes that are very cold
distributed by truck sent by vehicles
consumers people who buy things
Practice saying the words below using this tip with Google voice dictation:
ðə ˈprəʊsɛs ˈdiːteɪlz ðə stɛps baɪ wɪʧ sməʊkt fɪʃ prəˈdjuːst
ˈlʊkɪŋ frɒm ən ˈəʊvərɔːl pəˈspɛktɪv, ɪt ɪz ˈrɛdɪli əˈpærənt ðæt
kæn biː dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntuː 3 meɪn ˈsteɪʤɪz
bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪð ˈkæʧɪŋ ænd ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən
ˈfɒləʊd baɪ ˈstɔːrɪʤ ænd ˈprəʊsɛsɪŋ
ˈfaɪnəli ˈfɜːðə ˈstɔːrɪʤ
ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən
fɪʃ ʃɒps
ˈriːteɪl
ˈprəʊsɛs kəˈmɛnsɪz
kɔːt ɪn nɛts
trænsˈpɔːtɪd baɪ bəʊt tuː ə pɔːt
frɒm ðɪs pɔɪnt
ˈfrəʊzn
ðɛn ˈleɪtər ˌʌndəˈgəʊ ə ˈθɔːɪŋ ˈprəʊsɛs ɪn frɛʃ ˈwɔːtə
ðə nɛkst steɪʤ ɪz tuː slaɪs ˈəʊpən ðə fɪʃ
pʊt ðɛm ɪn ə sɒlt ˈwɔːtə səˈluːʃən
kənˈteɪnz sʌm əˈmaʊnt ɒv ˈjɛləʊ ˈkʌlərɪŋ
ˈfɒləʊɪŋ ðɪs
ˈækʧʊəl ˈsməʊkɪŋ teɪks pleɪs
ˈɑːftə
ˈpækɪʤd ɪn ˈbɒksɪz ænd ˈfrəʊzn æt ˈzɪərəʊ dɪˈgriːz ˈsɛntɪgreɪd ɪn ˈlɑːʤə kənˈteɪnəz
ˈfaɪnəli gruːpt ˈɪntuː kəʊld ˈstɔːrɪʤ bɪnz
dɪsˈtrɪbju(ː)tɪd baɪ trʌk
kənˈsjuːməz
Remember and fill in the blanks:
T___________________________________________________________h is p_________d. L_________________________________________________________________t smoking fish c_______________________________________s b___________________________________n, f_______________________________________g, and f__________________________e and t__________________n to f_____________s for r_____l.
The p_____________________s when fish are c________________s and then t_____________________t. F______________t, they are f____n and t_______________________________________________r. T_______________________________h and p______________________________n that also c______________________________________g. F___________________s, the a____________________________e.
A______r smoking, the fish are p_________________________________________________________________s. They are f______________________________________________s and d______________________k to shops to sell to c___________s.
Listen to the related topic below and practice with these activities:
Read more and use these ideas to practice:
https://www.thespruceeats.com/guide-to-smoking-fish-331552
Practice with the following related questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:
Practice with the related process below and then check with my sample answer:
Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Many today have made the argument that governments are overly focused on economic development to the detriment of more valuable areas of progress. In my opinion, though economic progress is often the catalyst for different forms of growth, the other areas are at least equally as important.
Supporters of economic progress point out its importance for individuals and societies generally. A thriving economy allows the average citizen to increase their quality of life in various ways. Individuals who are provided good jobs and lucrative opportunities are able to afford better healthcare, own a home potentially, purchase luxuries, and take holidays. In the aggregate, all these minor additions combine to ground a satisfied and happy life, though they are naturally not absolute guarantees. The clearest evidence of the value of this approach is that voters in democratic nations like the United States typically base their decisions primarily on economic factors.
However, economics is the basis for other areas of progress. This relates to education, standards of living, infrastructure, and, most importantly in the 21st century, the environment. In past centuries, individuals could be forgiven for considering economics to be the most important duty of governments. Today, the possibility that the Earth will face cataclysmic changes in the next century has dramatically shifted that calculus. Most researchers agree that overpopulation and the manufacturing and consumption of consumer goods are greatly exacerbating climate change and may lead to seismic disruptions for all life on Earth. Therefore, simply prioritizing the economic causes of a degrading environment would be short-sighted.
In conclusion, though economics is the basic foundation of modern civil societies, governments today should not neglect equally as crucial aspects such as the environment. The economy is means for enacting other reforms, not an end in itself.
1. Many today have made the argument that governments are overly focused on economic development to the detriment of more valuable areas of progress. 2. In my opinion, though economic progress is often the catalyst for different forms of growth, the other areas are at least equally as important.
1. Supporters of economic progress point out its importance for individuals and societies generally. 2. A thriving economy allows the average citizen to increase their quality of life in various ways. 3. Individuals who are provided good jobs and lucrative opportunities are able to afford better healthcare, own a home potentially, purchase luxuries, and take holidays. 4. In the aggregate, all these minor additions combine to ground a satisfied and happy life, though they are naturally not absolute guarantees. 5. The clearest evidence of the value of this approach is that voters in democratic nations like the United States typically base their decisions primarily on economic factors.
1. However, economics is the basis for other areas of progress. 2. This relates to education, standards of living, infrastructure, and, most importantly in the 21st century, the environment. 3. In past centuries, individuals could be forgiven for considering economics to be the most important duty of governments. 4. Today, the possibility that the Earth will face cataclysmic changes in the next century has dramatically shifted that calculus. 5. Most researchers agree that overpopulation and the manufacturing and consumption of consumer goods are greatly exacerbating climate change and may lead to seismic disruptions for all life on Earth. 6. Therefore, simply prioritizing the economic causes of a degrading environment would be short-sighted.
1. In conclusion, though economics is the basic foundation of modern civil societies, governments today should not neglect equally as crucial aspects such as the environment. 2. The economy is means for enacting other reforms, not an end in itself.
Many today have made the argument that governments are overly focused on economic development to the detriment of more valuable areas of progress. In my opinion, though economic progress is often the catalyst for different forms of growth, the other areas are at least equally as important.
Supporters of economic progress point out its importance for individuals and societies generally. A thriving economy allows the average citizen to increase their quality of life in various ways. Individuals who are provided good jobs and lucrative opportunities are able to afford better healthcare, own a home potentially, purchase luxuries, and take holidays. In the aggregate, all these minor additions combine to ground a satisfied and happy life, though they are naturally not absolute guarantees. The clearest evidence of the value of this approach is that voters in democratic nations like the United States typically base their decisions primarily on economic factors.
However, economics is the basis for other areas of progress. This relates to education, standards of living, infrastructure, and, most importantly in the 21st century, the environment. In past centuries, individuals could be forgiven for considering economics to be the most important duty of governments. Today, the possibility that the Earth will face cataclysmic changes in the next century has dramatically shifted that calculus. Most researchers agree that overpopulation and the manufacturing and consumption of consumer goods are greatly exacerbating climate change and may lead to seismic disruptions for all life on Earth. Therefore, simply prioritizing the economic causes of a degrading environment would be short-sighted.
In conclusion, though economics is the basic foundation of modern civil societies, governments today should not neglect equally as crucial aspects such as the environment. The economy is means for enacting other reforms, not an end in itself.
Many today have made the argument some today point out that
overly focused on economic development to the detriment of care too much about money and that hurts
more valuable areas of progress places that are more important to develop
though economic progress is often the catalyst for different forms of growth despite the fact economics is the reason that other areas can develop typically
other areas are at least equally as important they are of the same importance
Supporters of economic progress point out those in favor of finance argue
importance value
generally overall
A thriving economy allows the average citizen to a good economy lets normal people
increase their quality of life in various ways improve standards of living a variety of aspects
provided given
lucrative opportunities good chances
afford better healthcare go to better hospitals
own a home potentially buy a house possible
purchase luxuries buy nice things
take holidays go on vacation
In the aggregate combined
all these minor additions combine to ground a satisfied and happy life these little factors add up to be the basis of happiness
naturally not absolute guarantees of course don’t mean it will happen 100%
The clearest evidence of the value of this approach is that the best support for this way of thinking is
voters in democratic nations like the United States residents in countries like the USA
typically base their decisions primarily on economic factors usually vote because of how the economy is doing
basis foundation
relates to concerns
infrastructure buildings, roads, schools, etc.
most importantly in the 21st century crucially today
In past centuries in the past
individuals could be forgiven for considering it was understandable to think
most important duty of governments the main responsibility
face cataclysmic changes in the next century things might get really bad over the next 100 years
dramatically shifted that calculus greatly changes one’s way of thinking about it
overpopulation too many people
manufacturing and consumption of consumer goods using products
greatly exacerbating climate change making global warming worse
may lead to seismic disruptions for all life on Earth can greatly hurt all animals and plants
simply merely
economic causes financial roots
degrading environment worsening nature
short-sighted not long-term thinking
the basic foundation of modern civil societies the basis of the world today
should not neglect equally as crucial aspects ought to not forget about other key areas
such as the environment including nature
The economy is means for enacting other reforms economics is a way to achieve other things
not an end in itself not just to be pursued for its own purpose
Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search:
ˈmɛni təˈdeɪ hæv meɪd ði ˈɑːgjʊmənt
ˈəʊvəli ˈfəʊkəst ɒn ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt tuː ˈdɛtrɪmənt ɒv
mɔː ˈvæljʊəbl ˈeərɪəz ɒv ˈprəʊgrəs
ðəʊ ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈprəʊgrəs ɪz ˈɒf(ə)n ðə ˈkætəlɪst fɔː ˈdɪfrənt fɔːmz ɒv grəʊθ
ˈʌðər ˈeərɪəz ɑːr æt liːst ˈiːkwəli æz ɪmˈpɔːtənt
səˈpɔːtəz ɒv ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈprəʊgrəs pɔɪnt aʊt
ɪmˈpɔːtəns
ˈʤɛnərəli
ə ˈθraɪvɪŋ i(ː)ˈkɒnəmi əˈlaʊz ði ˈævərɪʤ ˈsɪtɪzn tuː
ˈɪnkriːs ðeə ˈkwɒlɪti ɒv laɪf ɪn ˈveərɪəs weɪz
prəˈvaɪdɪd
ˈluːkrətɪv ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz
əˈfɔːd ˈbɛtə ˈhɛlθkeə
əʊn ə həʊm pəʊˈtɛnʃəli
ˈpɜːʧəs ˈlʌkʃəriz
teɪk ˈhɒlədeɪz
ɪn ði ˈægrɪgɪt
ɔːl ðiːz ˈmaɪnər əˈdɪʃ(ə)nz ˈkɒmbaɪn tuː graʊnd ə ˈsætɪsfaɪd ænd ˈhæpi laɪf
ˈnæʧrəli nɒt ˈæbsəluːt ˌgærənˈtiːz
ðə ˈklɪərɪst ˈɛvɪdəns ɒv ðə ˈvæljuː ɒv ðɪs əˈprəʊʧ ɪz ðæt
ˈvəʊtəz ɪn ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈneɪʃənz laɪk ðə jʊˈnaɪtɪd steɪts
ˈtɪpɪk(ə)li beɪs ðeə dɪˈsɪʒənz ˈpraɪmərɪli ɒn ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈfæktəz
ˈbeɪsɪs
rɪˈleɪts tuː
ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌkʧə
məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtəntli ɪn ðə ˈtwɛnti fɜːst ˈsɛnʧʊri
ɪn pɑːst ˈsɛnʧʊriz
ˌɪndɪˈvɪdjʊəlz kʊd biː fəˈgɪvn fɔː kənˈsɪdərɪŋ
məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtənt ˈdjuːti ɒv ˈgʌvnmənts
feɪs ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈsɛnʧʊri
drəˈmætɪk(ə)li ˈʃɪftɪd ðæt ˈkælkjʊləs
ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən
ˌmænjʊˈfækʧərɪŋ ænd kənˈsʌm(p)ʃən ɒv kənˈsjuːmə gʊdz
ˈgreɪtli ɛksˈæsə(ː)beɪtɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ
meɪ liːd tuː ˈsaɪzmɪk dɪsˈrʌpʃənz fɔːr ɔːl laɪf ɒn ɜːθ
ˈsɪmpli
ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈkɔːzɪz
dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt
ʃɔːt-ˈsaɪtɪd
ðə ˈbeɪsɪk faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɒv ˈmɒdən ˈsɪvl səˈsaɪətiz
ʃʊd nɒt nɪˈglɛkt ˈiːkwəli æz ˈkruːʃəl ˈæspɛkts
sʌʧ æz ði ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt
ði i(ː)ˈkɒnəmi ɪz miːnz fɔːr ɪˈnæktɪŋ ˈʌðə ˌriːˈfɔːmz
nɒt ən ɛnd ɪn ɪtˈsɛlf
M__________________________________t that governments are o_______________________________n e______________________________________f m_________________________s. In my opinion, t______________________________________r d______________________________h, the o______________________________________________t.
S__________________________________________t its i______________e for individuals and societies g__________y. A____________________________________________________o i___________________________________s. Individuals who are p__________d good jobs and l_______________________s are able to a________________________e, o____________________________y, p____________________s, and t____________s. I_______________e, a______________________________________o g_______________________________e, though they are n___________________________s. T___________________________________________________t v______________________________________s t___________________________________________s.
However, economics is the b_______s for other areas of progress. This r________o education, standards of living, i_________________e, and, m_____________________________y, the environment. I_______________s, i___________________________________________________g economics to be the m____________________________s. Today, the possibility that the Earth will f___________________________________y has d_________________________s. Most researchers agree that o_______________n and the m_____________________________________s are g_______________________________e and m_____________________________________________h. Therefore, s______y prioritizing the e___________________s of a d_______________________t would be s___________d.
In conclusion, though economics is t__________________________________________s, governments today s___________________________________________________________t. T____________________________________________s, n____________________________f.
https://www.youtube.com/c/TheEconomist
https://sustainabilitymag.com/top10/top-10-greenest-countries-2
Developing the economy will always damage the environment.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
This is an IELTS writing task 1 sample answer essay on the topic of underground railway systems in six major cities including the date opened, kilometres per route, and average passengers per year.
You can also get my full EBooks below:
Dave
The table displays the date opened, number of kilometers and passengers each year in millions for subway systems in various cities. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the earlier underground railways tend to be longer and now serve more passengers per year relative to the more recent ones. Tokyo stands out for serving by far the most passengers and London for being both the oldest and largest.
London opened first (1863) and is nearly twice as expansive (394 kilometers) as the second largest subway, in Paris, which opened in 1900 and is 199 kilometers long. However, Paris now has more passengers compared to London (1,191,000,000 to 775,000,000). Tokyo was the next oldest having been constructed in 1927 with routes measuring a total of 155 kilometers and being made use of by 1,928,000,000 passengers annually.
The more modern subways are Washington D.C. (1976), Kyoto (1981), and Los Angeles (2001). Washington is the largest of the 3 at 126 kilometers with 144,000,000 yearly passengers. Kyoto is by far the smallest (11 kilometers) and serves relatively few individuals (45 million). Similarly, the Los Angeles subway is 18 kilometers in cumulative length and only 50,000,000 people travel on it each year.
1. The table displays the date opened, number of kilometers and passengers each year in millions for subway systems in various cities. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the earlier underground railways tend to be longer and now serve more passengers per year relative to the more recent ones. 3. Tokyo stands out for serving by far the most passengers and London for being both the oldest and largest.
1. London opened first (1863) and is nearly twice as expansive (394 kilometers) as the second largest subway, in Paris, which opened in 1900 and is 199 kilometers long. 2. However, Paris now has more passengers compared to London (1,191,000,000 to 775,000,000). 3. Tokyo was the next oldest having been constructed in 1927 with routes measuring a total of 155 kilometers and being made use of by 1,928,000,000 passengers annually.
1. The more modern subways are Washington D.C. (1976), Kyoto (1981), and Los Angeles (2001). 2. Washington is the largest of the 3 at 126 kilometers with 144,000,000 yearly passengers. 3. Kyoto is by far the smallest (11 kilometers) and serves relatively few individuals (45 million). 4. Similarly, the Los Angeles subway is 18 kilometers in cumulative length and only 50,000,000 people travel on it each year.
The table displays the date opened, number of kilometers and passengers each year in millions for subway systems in various cities. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the earlier underground railways tend to be longer and now serve more passengers per year relative to the more recent ones. Tokyo stands out for serving by far the most passengers and London for being both the oldest and largest.
London opened first (1863) and is nearly twice as expansive (394 kilometers) as the second largest subway, in Paris, which opened in 1900 and is 199 kilometers long. However, Paris now has more passengers compared to London (1,191,000,000 to 775,000,000). Tokyo was the next oldest having been constructed in 1927 with routes measuring a total of 155 kilometers and being made use of by 1,928,000,000 passengers annually.
The more modern subways are Washington D.C. (1976), Kyoto (1981), and Los Angeles (2001). Washington is the largest of the 3 at 126 kilometers with 144,000,000 yearly passengers. Kyoto is by far the smallest (11 kilometers) and serves relatively few individuals (45 million). Similarly, the Los Angeles subway is 18 kilometers in cumulative length and only 50,000,000 people travel on it each year.
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
displays shows
kilometers .62 miles
passengers people riding on them
subway systems underground railway systems
various different
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall
tend to be are usually
relative to compared to
stands out for is noticeable because of
nearly twice as expansive almost double the size of
second largest next biggest
compared to in contrast to
next oldest almost as old
constructed built
measuring a total of the total length of
being made use of by used by
annually each year
more modern subways more recent undergrounds
the largest of the 3 the biggest of all
by far much more
relatively in comparison
Similarly not so different
cumulative in total
each year every year
Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search:
dɪsˈpleɪz
ˈkɪləʊˌmiːtəz
ˈpæsɪnʤəz
ˈsʌbweɪ ˈsɪstɪmz
ˈveərɪəs
ˈlʊkɪŋ frɒm ən ˈəʊvərɔːl pəˈspɛktɪv, ɪt ɪz ˈrɛdɪli əˈpærənt ðæt
tɛnd tuː biː
ˈrɛlətɪv tuː
stændz aʊt fɔː
ˈnɪəli twaɪs æz ɪksˈpænsɪv
ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑːʤɪst
kəmˈpeəd tuː
nɛkst ˈəʊldɪst
kənˈstrʌktɪd
ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ə ˈtəʊtl ɒv
ˈbiːɪŋ meɪd juːz ɒv baɪ
ˈænjʊəli
mɔː ˈmɒdən ˈsʌbweɪz
ðə ˈlɑːʤɪst ɒv ðiː 3
baɪ fɑː
ˈrɛlətɪvli
ˈsɪmɪləli
ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv
iːʧ jɪə
The table d_______s the date opened, number of k__________s and p____________s each year in millions for s___________________s in v_______s cities. L______________________________________________t the earlier underground railways t__________e longer and now serve more passengers per year r__________o the more recent ones. Tokyo s_____________r serving by far the most passengers and London for being both the oldest and largest.
London opened first (1863) and is n__________________e (394 kilometers) as the s______________t subway, in Paris, which opened in 1900 and is 199 kilometers long. However, Paris now has more passengers c_________o London (1,191,000,000 to 775,000,000). Tokyo was the n__________t having been c___________d in 1927 with routes m_______________________f 155 kilometers and b_______________________y 1,928,000,000 passengers a________y.
The m______________________s are Washington D.C. (1976), Kyoto (1981), and Los Angeles (2001). Washington is t________________________3 at 126 kilometers with 144,000,000 yearly passengers. Kyoto is b_____r the smallest (11 kilometers) and serves r_________y few individuals (45 million). S________y, the Los Angeles subway is 18 kilometers in c____________e length and only 50,000,000 people travel on it e________r.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdZd5zYTKAw
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-metro-systems/index.html
