It’s very important to study and practice all the different Task 1 types so you can be fully prepared for your exam, including an IELTS Writing Task 1 Process.
A lot of IELTS students (and teachers & books) focus too much on charts and tables, and not enough on other types such as maps and processes.
Recently, process diagrams have been appearing more and more in the IELTS Writing exam. In this post we look at how to analyse a process carefully including the kind of process, how many steps and main stages, and knowing what is happening at each step.
Be sure to avoid the mistakes that most students make on writing by signing up for my exclusive IELTS Ebooks here on Patreon.
Dave
The Kind of Process
The process diagram below is based on a real IELTS exam from Jan 2018, and shows how orange juice is made. Click here for a sample answer for this question with line by line analysis.
As you can see I’ve written on the top of the diagram (in red), to help me remember two important points:
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It’s a man-made process, which means it is carried out by people, compared to a natural process (e.g. the salmon life cycle below).
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It’s a linear process. This means it starts and finishes in different places. It doesn’t repeat itself. In a cyclical process (salmon life cycle below), at the end of the process it goes back to the beginning – it repeats.
Steps and Stages
After confirming the kind of process, you should identify (find) how many steps there are, and categorise them logically into main stages.
Count and Order the Steps Logically
The first task is easy – just follow the process logically (following the arrows) and number them as you go (see my example below). From this it’s clear to see that there are a total of 17 steps.
Remember to number the steps logically so that it follows the process (following the arrows), which helps you to see the process and its main stages. Compare my numbering above with the one below.
The 2nd example also shows 17 steps but I numbered them left to right, which is not as helpful for analysing the diagram.
Divide the Steps into Stages
Similar to other Task 1 question types, if you want a band 7 or above for Task Achievement you need a clear overview that summarises the whole diagram. For a process diagram, this means the examiner wants you to divide the process into main stages.
This is tricky (difficult) as there is often more than one possible way. Choose whichever way you think is logical, and draw lines on the diagram to help you analyse and remember the stages.
In the first example (see below), I have divided the process into three main stages. This is logical because it matches the three main industrial processes in three different factory locations:
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Purple: (Extraction) – producing & delivering fresh juice to supermarkets (and its by-product to farms).
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Blue: (Evaporation) – creating concentrated juice for storage.
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Pink: (Rehydration) – producing reconstituted orange juice for supermarkets.
Alternatively, you could break the process down into four main stages (see below). Again I have used lines to help me analyse and remember:
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Purple: (Extraction) – processing fresh juice and its by-product
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Green: (Delivery) – the fresh juice is taken to supermarkets, and the solid waste to farms
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Blue: (Evaporation) – creating concentrated juice for storage.
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Pink: (Rehydration) – producing reconstituted orange juice for supermarkets.
Analyse Every Step – What, Where, How, Why
You need to analyse every step of the process and identify what kind of step it is, and therefore what is happening to the oranges at each step. For example:
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Does it show an activity? (e.g. packaging) or a product? (e.g. fresh juice)
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Is it a main industrial activity? (e.g. evaporation, extraction, rehydration)
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Is it preparation for a main industrial activity? (e.g. washing)
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Does it involve a break in the process? (e.g. storage)
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Does it involve transportation? (being taken from one factory to another, or to a warehouse or shop)
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Does it involve packaging? (e.g. canning)
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Is something being added or removed? (e.g. water in evaporation / rehydration)
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Does it involve a by-product of the main process? (e.g. producing animal feed from solid waste)
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Is it labelled? (e.g. rehydration doesn’t have the word. It just says factory + water)
The diagram illustrates the process of making orange juice. Overall, there are 17 stages in this process, which can be divided into three main parts. These are the preparation stage, processing fresh orange juice to sale in the supermarket or producing canned concentrated juice, and finally adding water to the concentrated juice in order to make constituted for the consumers.
This process starts with shipping fresh oranges to the factory, where the oranges are washed and extracted. The solid waste could be used as animal feed. At this point, the oranges are ready to be made into fresh juice, which is subsequently either packed and delivered to the supermarket for sale, or transmitted by refrigerated trucks to the plants for evaporation. After the water is removed, the orange juice becomes concentrated and suitable for canning and delivered to the warehouse for storage. Upon demand, the concentrated juice can be processed in the factory, where water is added in order to made constituted juice. After the process of packaging, the juice product is ready for deliver and sale. (177 words)
Great work Jing – keep it up!
Njjej
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