IELTS Essay: Mandatory Full-Time Education

IELTS Essay: Mandatory Full-Time Education

This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of mandatory full-time education from the real IELTS exam.

Please consider supporting me on Patreon.com/howtodoielts to receive my exclusive IELTS Ebooks – you can even sign up for private live lessons with me!

Dave

IELTS Essay: Mandatory Full-Time Education

Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Many feel that students should be required to attend full-time classes until the age of 18. In my opinion, when economically viable this mandate is advisable.

Those who oppose this policy argue it is impossible in more rural areas, particularly in developing nations. In such locations, children and teenagers often do not have convenient access to schools and assisting their parents with farm or other work is a greater priority. For example, in many rural villages in South Asia, even young children must lend a hand working to raise crops and livestock. The parents of these children can also make the legitimate argument that they are preserving a traditional and equally valuable way of life that does not involve modern schooling. However, these contexts are becoming rarer as individuals migrate to cities and the countryside receives improved infrastructure.

The main reason to support compulsory full-time education to the age of 18 is the opportunities it opens up in an evolving world. The lifestyle in rural areas that now seemingly justifies reduced schooling is disappearing due to more efficient farming equipment and the industrialization of production methods. Therefore, the most viable path for most individuals is to have an education through high school and ideally university that will endow them with employable skills. For instance, an individual who has learned a variety of subjects and graduated from formal schooling can then apply either for higher education or a job that requires a high school certificate. Both their worst and best case scenarios for the future improve considerably.

In conclusion, despite the valid reasons that exist in rural communities to de-emphasize education, it is worthwhile to enforce mandatory schooling for all minors. This is now more important than ever as job markets become more competitive.

Analysis

1. Many feel that students should be required to attend full-time classes until the age of 18. 2. In my opinion, when economically viable this mandate is advisable.

  1. Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
  2. Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.

1. Those who oppose this policy argue it is impossible in more rural areas, particularly in developing nations. 2. In such locations, children and teenagers often do not have convenient access to schools and assisting their parents with farm or other work is a greater priority. 3. For example, in many rural villages in South Asia, even young children must lend a hand working to raise crops and livestock. 4. The parents of these children can also make the legitimate argument that they are preserving a traditional and equally valuable way of life that does not involve modern schooling. 5. However, these contexts are becoming rarer as individuals migrate to cities and the countryside receives improved infrastructure.

  1. Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your main idea.
  3. Develop it with specific examples.
  4. Keep developing it fully.
  5. Stay focused on the same main idea.

1. The main reason to support compulsory full-time education to the age of 18 is the opportunities it opens up in an evolving world. 2. The lifestyle in rural areas that now seemingly justifies reduced schooling is disappearing due to more efficient farming equipment and the industrialization of production methods. 3. Therefore, the most viable path for most individuals is to have an education through high school and ideally university that will endow them with employable skills. 4. For instance, an individual who has learned a variety of subjects and graduated from formal schooling can then apply either for higher education or a job that requires a high school certificate. 5. Both their worst and best case scenarios for the future improve considerably.

  1. Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your new main idea.
  3. Include specific details and examples.
  4. Continue developing it…
  5. as fully as possible!

1. In conclusion, despite the valid reasons that exist in rural communities to de-emphasize education, it is worthwhile to enforce mandatory schooling for all minors. 2. This is now more important than ever as job markets become more competitive.

  1. Summarise your main ideas.
  2. Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.

Vocabulary

What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.

Many feel that students should be required to attend full-time classes until the age of 18. In my opinion, when economically viable this mandate is advisable.

Those who oppose this policy argue it is impossible in more rural areas, particularly in developing nations. In such locations, children and teenagers often do not have convenient access to schools and assisting their parents with farm or other work is a greater priority. For example, in many rural villages in South Asia, even young children must lend a hand working to raise crops and livestock. The parents of these children can also make the legitimate argument that they are preserving a traditional and equally valuable way of life that does not involve modern schooling. However, these contexts are becoming rarer as individuals migrate to cities and the countryside receives improved infrastructure.

The main reason to support compulsory full-time education to the age of 18 is the opportunities it opens up in an evolving world. The lifestyle in rural areas that now seemingly justifies reduced schooling is disappearing due to more efficient farming equipment and the industrialization of production methods. Therefore, the most viable path for most individuals is to have an education through high school and ideally university that will endow them with employable skills. For instance, an individual who has learned a variety of subjects and graduated from formal schooling can then apply either for higher education or a job that requires a high school certificate. Both their worst and best case scenarios for the future improve considerably.

In conclusion, despite the valid reasons that exist in rural communities to de-emphasize education, it is worthwhile to enforce mandatory schooling for all minors. This is now more important than ever as job markets become more competitive.

Answers

For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:

required have to do it

attend go to

full-time all day

economically viable makes sense based on the finances of a country

mandate order

advisable a good idea to do it

oppose go against

policy regulation

rural areas the countryside

particularly especially

developing nations poorer countries

locations places

convenient access easy to get to

assisting helping

greater priority more important

rural villages towns in the countryside

lend a hand help out

raise crops and livestock help grow food and look after animals

legitimate argument defensible point

preserving keeping alive

traditional from the past

equally valuable also good

modern schooling education today

contexts situations

rarer not common

migrate move to

receives improved infrastructure get better roads, schools, etc.

compulsory have to go there, no choice, mandatory

opportunities chances

opens up creates

evolving world changing world

seemingly justifies appears to make it defensible

reduced not as strong

efficient farming equipment machines that can farm easily

industrialization machines, production, etc.

production methods how things are made

viable path good way

through high school to the end of secondary school

ideally in a perfect world

endow give

employable skills skills that help you get a job

variety of subjects lots of different kinds of classes

formal official

apply put in an application

high school certificate diploma

worst and best case scenarios the worst and ideal situation

despite regardless of

valid legitimate

rural communities country villages

de-emphasize not put focus on

worthwhile justifiable

enforce make sure it is done

minors kids, teenagers

job markets employment sectors

competitive hard to get a position

Pronunciation

Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search:

rɪˈkwaɪəd 
əˈtɛnd 
fʊl-taɪm 
ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəli ˈvaɪəbl 
ˈmændeɪt 
ədˈvaɪzəbl
əˈpəʊz 
ˈpɒlɪsi 
ˈrʊərəl ˈeərɪəz
pəˈtɪkjʊləli 
dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz
ləʊˈkeɪʃənz
kənˈviːniənt ˈæksɛs 
əˈsɪstɪŋ 
ˈgreɪtə praɪˈɒrɪti
ˈrʊərəl ˈvɪlɪʤɪz 
lɛnd ə hænd 
reɪz krɒps ænd ˈlaɪvstɒk
lɪˈʤɪtɪmɪt ˈɑːgjʊmənt 
prɪˈzɜːvɪŋ 
trəˈdɪʃənl 
ˈiːkwəli ˈvæljʊəbl 
ˈmɒdən ˈskuːlɪŋ
ˈkɒntɛksts 
ˈreərə 
maɪˈgreɪt 
rɪˈsiːvz ɪmˈpruːvd ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌkʧə.
kəmˈpʌlsəri 
ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz 
ˈəʊpənz ʌp 
ɪˈvɒlvɪŋ wɜːld
ˈsiːmɪŋli ˈʤʌstɪfaɪz 
rɪˈdjuːst 
ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈfɑːmɪŋ ɪˈkwɪpmənt 
ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən 
prəˈdʌkʃən ˈmɛθədz
ˈvaɪəbl pɑːθ 
θruː haɪ skuːl 
aɪˈdɪəli 
ɪnˈdaʊ 
ɪmˈplɔɪəbl skɪlz
vəˈraɪəti ɒv ˈsʌbʤɪkts 
ˈfɔːməl 
əˈplaɪ 
haɪ skuːl səˈtɪfɪkɪt
wɜːst ænd bɛst keɪs sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊz 
dɪsˈpaɪt 
ˈvælɪd 
ˈrʊərəl kəˈmjuːnɪtiz 
diː-ˈɛmfəsaɪz 
ˈwɜːθˈwaɪl 
ɪnˈfɔːs 
ˈmaɪnəz
ʤɒb ˈmɑːkɪts 
kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv

Vocabulary Practice

I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:

Many feel that students should be r_________d to a______________e classes until the age of 18. In my opinion, when e______________e this m________e is a__________e.

Those who o________e this p_______y argue it is impossible in more r__________s, p____________y in d_____________________s. In such l____________s, children and teenagers often do not have c___________________s to schools and a____________g their parents with farm or other work is a g_______________y. For example, in many r______________s in South Asia, even young children must l____________d working to r________________________k. The parents of these children can also make the l___________________t that they are p____________g a t____________l and e_______________e way of life that does not involve m_________________g. However, these c___________s are becoming r_______r as individuals m_________e to cities and the countryside r________________________________e.

The main reason to support c______________y full-time education to the age of 18 is the o____________________s it o___________p in an e_________________d. The lifestyle in rural areas that now s_________________________d schooling is disappearing due to more e_____________________________t and the i_______________n of p______________________s. Therefore, the most v_____________h for most individuals is to have an education t______________________l and i_________y university that will e______w them with e_____________________s. For instance, an individual who has learned a v__________________s and graduated from f________l schooling can then a_______y either for higher education or a job that requires a h______________________e. Both their w______________________________s for the future improve considerably.

In conclusion, d__________e the v______d reasons that exist in r_______________________s to d___________________e education, it is w____________e to e____________e mandatory schooling for all m_______s. This is now more important than ever as j_____________s become more c_______________e.

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic in the video below and practice with these activities:

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice:

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/travel/remote-schools-patagonia.html

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:

School Subjects

  1. What courses or subjects do you think will be added into high schools?
  2. What courses or subjects will be helpful in future work?
  3. Is it more effective to read online than in a book?
  4. What do students do after school in your country? 
  5. Do you think students should choose subjects they like?

Writing Practice

Practice with the same basic topic below and then check with my sample answer:

Many educational institutions give greater importance to subjects related to science and ignore subjects such as drama and literature.

Why is this?

Is this a positive or negative development?

IELTS Essay: Neighbors in Large Cities

IELTS Essay: Neighbors in Large Cities

This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of advice for medical problems and seeing doctors from the real IELTS general training exam.

Please consider supporting me on Patreon.com/howtodoielts to receive my exclusive IELTS Ebooks – you can even sign up for private live lessons with me!

Dave

IELTS Essay: Neighbors in Large Cities

Today, many people do not know their neighbors in large cities.

What problems does this cause?

What can be done about this?

It is increasingly common in large urban areas for neighbors to interact less. In my opinion, this results in a declining sense of community and the solutions must be individually motivated.

In most cities today, the lack of connection between neighbors has caused less culturally unique neighborhoods. An illustrative counter-example to this would be famous neighborhoods such as Venice Beach in Los Angeles and Greenwich Village in New York City. In the past, individuals living in these areas shared similar values and that led to a flourishing of a unique culture. One result of such a sense of community was the “Beat Poets” of Greenwich. Related to this is the fading distinctiveness of communities that have value for locals and tourists alike. An individual living in a district in a major metropolis today feels little sentiment for its streets, buildings and other inhabitants and therefore derives nearly nothing in the way of a singular shared identity.

Remedies for the problems detailed above involve individual initiative. Governments attempting to contrive a sense of community will likely only provoke backlash. Instead, individuals could choose to live in parts of a city with a heritage that suits them and not join mass movements toward gentrification. A standout example of this would be expatriate enclaves in developing nations. These communities are able to preserve some of their cultural traditions and are entirely the result of individuals choosing to live together with those who represent their values and interests. This could be replicated on a larger scale if city residents choose their homes more thoughtfully and are more respectful of the traditions of any given community.

In conclusion, the problems stemming from less involvement between neighbors affect the community at large and should be dealt with by those most impacted by the ramifications. In this way, some cultural integrity can be preserved in a globalized world.

Analysis

1. It is increasingly common in large urban areas for neighbors to interact less. 2. In my opinion, this results in a declining sense of community and the solutions must be individually motivated.

  1. Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
  2. Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.

1. In most cities today, the lack of connection between neighbors has caused less culturally unique neighborhoods. 2. An illustrative counter-example to this would be famous neighborhoods such as Venice Beach in Los Angeles and Greenwich Village in New York City. 3. In the past, individuals living in these areas shared similar values and that led to a flourishing of a unique culture. 4. One result of such a sense of community was the “Beat Poets” of Greenwich. 5. Related to this is the fading distinctiveness of communities that have value for locals and tourists alike. 6. An individual living in a district in a major metropolis today feels little sentiment for its streets, buildings and other inhabitants and therefore derives nearly nothing in the way of a singular shared identity.

  1. Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your main idea.
  3. Develop it with specific examples.
  4. Keep developing it fully.
  5. Stay focused on the same main idea.
  6. The more detail, the better!

1. Remedies for the problems detailed above involve individual initiative. 2. Governments attempting to contrive a sense of community will likely only provoke backlash. 3. Instead, individuals could choose to live in parts of a city with a heritage that suits them and not join mass movements toward gentrification. 4. A standout example of this would be expatriate enclaves in developing nations. 5. These communities are able to preserve some of their cultural traditions and are entirely the result of individuals choosing to live together with those who represent their values and interests. 6. This could be replicated on a larger scale if city residents choose their homes more thoughtfully and are more respectful of the traditions of any given community.

  1. Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your new main idea.
  3. Include specific details and examples.
  4. Continue developing it…
  5. as fully as possible!
  6. Stating the results is a good way to develop your ideas.

1. In conclusion, the problems stemming from less involvement between neighbors affect the community at large and should be dealt with by those most impacted by the ramifications. 2. In this way, some cultural integrity can be preserved in a globalized world.

  1. Summarise your main ideas.
  2. Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.

Vocabulary

What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.

It is increasingly common in large urban areas for neighbors to interact less. In my opinion, this results in a declining sense of community and the solutions must be individually motivated.

In most cities today, the lack of connection between neighbors has caused less culturally unique neighborhoods. An illustrative counter-example to this would be famous neighborhoods such as Venice Beach in Los Angeles and Greenwich Village in New York City. In the past, individuals living in these areas shared similar values and that led to a flourishing of a unique culture. One result of such a sense of community was the “Beat Poets” of Greenwich. Related to this is the fading distinctiveness of communities that have value for locals and tourists alike. An individual living in a district in a major metropolis today feels little sentiment for its streets, buildings and other inhabitants and therefore derives nearly nothing in the way of a singular shared identity.

Remedies for the problems detailed above involve individual initiative. Governments attempting to contrive a sense of community will likely only provoke backlash. Instead, individuals could choose to live in parts of a city with a heritage that suits them and not join mass movements toward gentrification. A standout example of this would be expatriate enclaves in developing nations. These communities are able to preserve some of their cultural traditions and are entirely the result of individuals choosing to live together with those who represent their values and interests. This could be replicated on a larger scale if city residents choose their homes more thoughtfully and are more respectful of the traditions of any given community.

In conclusion, the problems stemming from less involvement between neighbors affect the community at large and should be dealt with by those most impacted by the ramifications. In this way, some cultural integrity can be preserved in a globalized world.

Answers

For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:

increasingly common more pervasive

urban areas cities

neighbors people who live next to each other

interact communicate with

results in causes

a declining sense of community less of a feeling of being neighbors

individually motivated people doing it themselves

lack not have

connection link

less culturally unique neighborhoods places all the same

illustrative counter-example good example showing the opposite

shared similar values have the same ideas/beliefs

led to causes

flourishing doing really well

unique culture distinctive lifestyles

sense of community feeling of a culture

“Beat Poets” a specific style of poetry from the 1950s

related to this is also part of this is

fading distinctiveness less unique

value importance

alike the same

district neighborhood

major metropolis large city

sentiment feeling

inhabitants residents

derives comes from

in the way of opposing

singular shared identity same cultural values

remedies fixes

detailed above described before

initiative motivation

contrive try too hard

provoke backlash cause a reaction

heritage tradition

suits makes sense

join mass movements become part of what many are doing

gentrification moving to take neighborhoods

expatriate enclaves immigrant areas

preserve keep the same

cultural traditions heritage

entirely totally

represent symbolize

interests what you value

replicated on a larger scale repeated in other places

thoughtfully carefully

traditions heritage

any given community a random place

stemming from coming from

involvement engagement

at large all of it

dealt with handled

ramifications implications

in this way through this method

cultural integrity pureness of a group of people

preserved kept the same

globalized world world becoming all the same

Pronunciation

Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search:

ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli ˈkɒmən |
ˈɜːbən ˈeəriəz |
ˈneɪbərz |
ˌɪntəˈrækt |
rɪˈzʌlts ɪn |
ə dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ sens əv kəˈmjuːnɪti |
ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəli ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd |
læk |
kəˈnekʃn̩ |
les ˈkʌltʃərəli juːˈniːk ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz |
ˈɪləstrətɪv ˈkaʊntər ɪɡˌzɑːmpl̩ |
ʃeəd ˈsɪmələ ˈvæljuːz |
led tuː |
ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ |
juːˈniːk ˈkʌltʃə |
sens əv kəˈmjuːnɪti |
biːt ˈpəʊɪts |
rɪˈleɪtɪd tu ðɪs ɪz |
ˈfeɪdɪŋ dɪˈstɪŋktɪvnɪs |
ˈvæljuː |
əˈlaɪk |
ˈdɪstrɪkt |
ˈmeɪdʒə məˈtrɒpəlɪs |
ˈsentɪmənt |
ɪnˈhæbɪtənts |
dɪˈraɪvz |
ɪn ðə ˈweɪ ɒv |
ˈsɪŋɡjʊlə ʃeəd aɪˈdentɪti |
ˈremədɪz |
ˈdiːteɪld əˈbʌv |
ɪˈnɪʃətɪv |

kənˈtraɪv |
prəˈvəʊk ˈbæklæʃ |
ˈherɪtɪdʒ |
suːts |
dʒɔɪn ˌmæs ˈmuːvmənts |
ˈdʒentrɪfaɪ |
eksˈpætrɪeɪt ˈenkleɪvz |
prɪˈzɜːv |
ˈkʌltʃərəl trəˈdɪʃn̩z |
ɪnˈtaɪəli |
ˌriːprɪˈzent |
ˈɪntrəsts |
ˈreplɪkeɪtɪd ˈɒn ə ˈlɑːdʒə skeɪl |
ˈθɔːtfəli |
trəˈdɪʃn̩z |
ˈeni ɡɪvn̩ kəˈmjuːnɪti |
ˈstemɪŋ frɒm |
ɪnˈvɒlvmənt |
ət lɑːdʒ |
delt wɪð |
ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩z |
ɪn ðɪs ˈweɪ |
ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪnˈteɡrɪti |
prɪˈzɜːvd |
ˈɡlobəˌlaɪzd wɜːld |

Vocabulary Practice

I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:

It is i________________________n in large u__________s for n_________s to i________t less. In my opinion, this r_____________________________________y and the solutions must be i____________________d.

In most cities today, the l_____k of c___________n between neighbors has caused l_____________________________________s. An i________________________________e to this would be famous neighborhoods such as Venice Beach in Los Angeles and Greenwich Village in New York City. In the past, individuals living in these areas s___________________s and that l_______o a f____________g of a u_______________e. One result of such a s____________________y was the “B______________s” of Greenwich. R________________s the f____________________s of communities that have v______e for locals and tourists a_____e. An individual living in a d________t in a m_____________________s today feels little s__________t for its streets, buildings and other i_____________s and therefore d___________s nearly nothing i______________f a s_____________________y.

R____________s for the problems d_____________e involve individual i_______________e. Governments attempting to c______________e a sense of community will likely only p________________h. Instead, individuals could choose to live in parts of a city with a h___________e that s______s them and not j_____________________s toward g_________________n. A standout example of this would be e____________________s in developing nations. These communities are able to p____________e some of their c__________________s and are e____________y the result of individuals choosing to live together with those who r____________t their values and i____________s. This could be r_________________________e if city residents choose their homes more t______________y and are more respectful of the t____________s of a_________________y.

In conclusion, the problems s_______________m less i______________t between neighbors affect the community a_________e and should be d_________h by those most impacted by the r__________________s. I____________y, some c_________________y can be p____________d in a g______________d.

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic in the video below and practice with these activities:

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice:

https://www.timeout.com/coolest-neighbourhoods-in-the-world

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:

Where you Live

My sample speaking for these questions is here.

  1. Where do you live at the moment?
  2. What do you like about your neighborhood?
  3. Are there any parks where you live?

Writing Practice

Practice with the same basic topic below and then check with my sample answer:

Some cities create housing for growing populations by building taller buildings while other cities have opted to build on wider areas of land.

Which solution is better?

IELTS Essay: Wool

IELTS Essay: Wool

This is an IELTS writing task 1 sample answer essay on the topic of the process of how cocoa beans and liquid chocolate is produced.

Please consider supporting my efforts to creative high quality IELTS materials for students around the world by signing up for my Patreon (and so you won’t miss out on any of my exclusive IELTS Ebooks)!

Dave

IELTS Essay Task 1: Wool

The diagram details the process of making wool. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

ielts essay wool
IELTS Essay Wool

The picture shows the procedures by which wool is processed and transformed into a variety of products. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation of the raw source material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, and the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products.

The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and then dried. Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made into string (with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool.

The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. The last steps involve turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used for knitting or for fabrication of consumer retail items such as jackets and carpets.

Analysis

1. The picture shows the procedures by which wool is processed and transformed into a variety of products. 2. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation of the raw source material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, and the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products.

  1. Paraphrase what the process shows.
  2. Write a clear overview summarising the major groups. Read here about overviews for processes.

1. The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and then dried. 2. Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made into string (with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool.

  1. Begin writing about the details of the process.
  2. This one is tricky to get up to the word count (no longer required on IELTS) so try to make it a little wordy.

1. The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. 2. The last steps involve turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used for knitting or for fabrication of consumer retail items such as jackets and carpets.

  1. Write about the rest of the process – include everything!
  2. Try to paraphrase some of the words from process as well.

Vocabulary

What do the words in bold below mean? Take some notes on a piece of paper to aid your memory:

The picture shows the procedures by which wool is processed and transformed into a variety of products. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that processing wool involves initial stages of preparation of the raw source material, middle stages constituting the production of tufts, and the final stages resulting in yarn and finished consumer products.

The process begins when sheep wool is sheared, cleaned and then dried. Subsequent to this the raw product is spun and then either made into string (with some being recycled as byproduct) or turned into wool.

The wool is fashioned into tufts of wool and then stored. The last steps involve turning the tufts into balls of yarn which can then be used for knitting or for fabrication of consumer retail items such as jackets and carpets.

Answers

procedures methods

wool what comes from sheep fur

processed made

transformed turned into

variety lots of different kinds

Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that overall

involves initial has to do with the first

preparation getting it ready

raw source material the original product

constituting making up

tufts collection of threads

final last

resulting in finally forming

finished complete

consumer products what is sold to people

sheared shaved off

dried not wet anymore

subsequent to this after this

either one or the other

string thread tied together

recycled turned into something new

byproduct resultant product

turned into becomes

fashioned into made into

stored kept

last final

yarn spun thread

knitting sewn together to make things

fabrication made into something

retail items consumer products

jackets coats

carpets rugs

Pronunciation

Practice saying the words below using this tip with Google voice dictation:

prəˈsiːʤəz 
wʊl 
ˈprəʊsɛst 
trænsˈfɔːmd 
vəˈraɪəti 
ˈlʊkɪŋ frɒm ən ˈəʊvərɔːl pəˈspɛktɪvɪt ɪz ˈrɛdɪli əˈpærənt ðæt 
ɪnˈvɒlvz ɪˈnɪʃəl 
ˌprɛpəˈreɪʃən 
rɔː sɔːs məˈtɪərɪəl
ˈkɒnstɪtjuːtɪŋ 
tʌfts
ˈfaɪnl 
rɪˈzʌltɪŋ ɪn 
ˈfɪnɪʃt 
kənˈsjuːmə ˈprɒdʌkts
ʃɪəd
draɪd
ˈsʌbsɪkwənt tuː ðɪs 
ˈaɪðə 
strɪŋ 
ˌriːˈsaɪkld 
ˈbaɪˌprɒdʌkt
tɜːnd ˈɪntuː 
ˈfæʃənd ˈɪntuː 
stɔːd
lɑːst 
tʌfts 
jɑːn 
ˈnɪtɪŋ 
ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən 
ˈriːteɪl ˈaɪtəmz 
ˈʤækɪts 
ˈkɑːpɪts

Vocabulary Practice

Remember and fill in the blanks:

The picture shows the p_______________s by which w______l is p___________d and t_______________d into a v________y of products. L___________________________________________t processing wool i_____________________l stages of p____________n of the r___________________l, middle stages c_____________g the production of t______s, and the f_____l stages r_______________n yarn and f__________d c___________________s.

The process begins when sheep wool is s___________d, cleaned and then d_______d. S_____________________s the raw product is spun and then e_______r made into s________g (with some being r_________d as b____________t) or t_____________o wool.

The wool is f_______________o tufts of wool and then s_______d. The l______t steps involve turning the t_________s into balls of y______n which can then be used for k___________g or for f_____________n of consumer r____________s such as j___________s and c__________s.

Listening Practice

Listen to the related topic below and practice with these activities:

Reading Practice

Read more and use these ideas to practice:

https://www.baabuk.com/blogs/stories/how-wool-is-made-a-sheeps-story

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following related questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:

Fashion

  1. Why are designer bran clothes popular?
  2. Why are these brands so expensive?
  3. How has fashion changed in your country?
  4. Is it important for designers to stay up to date with the latest fashions?
  5. Is fashion more important than adapting your clothes to the weather?

Writing Practice

Practice with the related process below and then check with my sample answer:

IELTS Essay: Advice for Medical Problems

IELTS Essay: Advice for Medical Problems

This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of advice for medical problems and seeing doctors from the real IELTS exam.

Please consider supporting me on Patreon.com/howtodoielts to receive my exclusive IELTS Ebooks – you can even sign up for private live lessons with me!

Dave

IELTS Essay: Advice for Medical Problems

Some people today prefer to get advice for medical problems and do not want to visit a doctor.

Why is this?

Is this a positive or a negative development?

Many individuals today would rather seek out medical advice themselves instead of seeing a licensed professional. In my opinion, this is a result of online convenience and it is a positive development on the whole.

The main cause of this transition is the proliferation of information available on the internet. In the past, an ailing individual had little recourse other than to visit a doctor for tests. Now, there are a variety of question and answer websites as well as diagnosis ones that are free of cost and faster than a trip to a hospital. The slight conveniences of saving some money, time, and effort may not seem decisive, but mass behaviour is often driven by marginal advantages. For instance, posting a question to a forum such as Reddit.com where qualified professions may provide free advice is a powerful incentive to avoid a costly and time-consuming consultation with an experienced doctor.

Though there are risks associated with misdiagnosis, seeking advice online is generally more reliable. Doctors vary in their quality and numerous studies in recent years support the counter-intuitive conclusion that websites actually provide more trustworthy advice. This is a result of the accumulation of many years’ worth of data and the standardizing of detection, prognosis, and treatment. For example, the website WebMD.com allows users to search for their symptoms online, discover a range of possible causes and then decide themselves on the best path forward. This may include a visit to a hospital if further tests are required that can only be conducted in person, but at least the patient has saved time and money at the initial stage of diagnosis.

In conclusion, fewer people today visit doctors because there are cheap, convenient alternatives online and this is largely positive. There are risks that must be guarded against but this change cannot be reversed.

Analysis

1. Many individuals today would rather seek out medical advice themselves instead of seeing a licensed professional. 2. In my opinion, this is a result of online convenience and it is a positive development on the whole.

  1. Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
  2. Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.

1. The main cause of this transition is the proliferation of information available on the internet. 2. In the past, an ailing individual had little recourse other than to visit a doctor for tests. 3. Now, there are a variety of question and answer websites as well as diagnosis ones that are free of cost and faster than a trip to a hospital. 4. The slight conveniences of saving some money, time, and effort may not seem decisive, but mass behaviour is often driven by marginal advantages. 5. For instance, posting a question to a forum such as Reddit.com where qualified professions may provide free advice is a powerful incentive to avoid a costly and time-consuming consultation with an experienced doctor.

  1. Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your main idea.
  3. Develop it with specific examples.
  4. Keep developing it fully.
  5. Stay focused on the same main idea.

1. Though there are risks associated with misdiagnosis, seeking advice online is generally more reliable. 2. Doctors vary in their quality and numerous studies in recent years support the counter-intuitive conclusion that websites actually provide more trustworthy advice. 3. This is a result of the accumulation of many years’ worth of data and the standardizing of detection, prognosis, and treatment. 4. For example, the website WebMD.com allows users to search for their symptoms online, discover a range of possible causes and then decide themselves on the best path forward. 5. This may include a visit to a hospital if further tests are required that can only be conducted in person, but at least the patient has saved time and money at the initial stage of diagnosis.

  1. Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
  2. Explain your new main idea.
  3. Include specific details and examples.
  4. Continue developing it…
  5. as fully as possible!

1. In conclusion, fewer people today visit doctors because there are cheap, convenient alternatives online and this is largely positive. 2. There are risks that must be guarded against but this change cannot be reversed.

  1. Summarise your main ideas.
  2. Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.

Vocabulary

What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.

Many individuals today would rather seek out medical advice themselves instead of seeing a licensed professional. In my opinion, this is a result of online convenience and it is a positive development on the whole.

The main cause of this transition is the proliferation of information available on the internet. In the past, an ailing individual had little recourse other than to visit a doctor for tests. Now, there are a variety of question and answer websites as well as diagnosis ones that are free of cost and faster than a trip to a hospital. The slight conveniences of saving some money, time, and effort may not seem decisive, but mass behaviour is often driven by marginal advantages. For instance, posting a question to a forum such as Reddit.com where qualified professions may provide free advice is a powerful incentive to avoid a costly and time-consuming consultation with an experienced doctor.

Though there are risks associated with misdiagnosis, seeking advice online is generally more reliable. Doctors vary in their quality and numerous studies in recent years support the counter-intuitive conclusion that websites actually provide more trustworthy advice. This is a result of the accumulation of many years’ worth of data and the standardizing of detection, prognosis, and treatment. For example, the website WebMD.com allows users to search for their symptoms online, discover a range of possible causes and then decide themselves on the best path forward. This may include a visit to a hospital if further tests are required that can only be conducted in person, but at least the patient has saved time and money at the initial stage of diagnosis.

In conclusion, fewer people today visit doctors because there are cheap, convenient alternatives online and this is largely positive. There are risks that must be guarded against but this change cannot be reversed.

Answers

For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:

seek out find

medical advice suggestions from doctors

instead of over

licensed professional doctor

online convenience easier to do on a website

positive development on the whole good overall

transition change to

proliferation spread

information available what can be found online

in the past formerly

ailing sick

little recourse other than to no choice but to

tests conducted to find out about your illness

variety many types

question and answer websites forum sites

as well as and

diagnosis identifying what’s wrong

free of cost no charge

trip travelling to a place

slight conveniences minor helps

decisive makes a real difference

mass behaviour how people act

driven by motivated by

marginal advantages small edges

posting putting up online

forum where people can ask and answer questions online

qualified professions doctors

powerful incentive good motivator

avoid stay away from

costly expensive

time-consuming consultation takes up a lot of time

experienced have done the job a long time

risks associated with misdiagnosis dangers related to a mistake in identifying what is wrong

reliable trustworthy

vary change according to

numerous studies in recent years support the counter-intuitive conclusion much research recently shows the unlikely fact that

actually in fact

trustworthy reliable

accumulation adding up

years’ worth a lot of time put into it

data information

standardizing made all the same

detection finding out

prognosis how the illness with continue

treatment medicine

WebMD.com a site with information about illnesses

users people using the site

symptoms the results of an illness

discover find out about

range variety of

possible causes potential sources

decide themselves figure out on their own

best path forward treatment options

conducted done

initial stage early on

convenient alternatives good other options

largely mostly

risks threats

guarded against protected from

reversed changed back

Pronunciation

Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search:

siːk aʊt 
ˈmɛdɪkəl ədˈvaɪs 
ɪnˈstɛd ɒv 
ˈlaɪsənst prəˈfɛʃənl
ˈɒnˌlaɪn kənˈviːniəns 
ˈpɒzətɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɒn ðə həʊl
trænˈzɪʃ(ə)n 
prəʊˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən 
ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən əˈveɪləbl 
ɪn ðə pɑːst
ˈeɪlɪŋ 
ˈlɪtl rɪˈkɔːs ˈʌðə ðæn tuː 
tɛsts
vəˈraɪəti 
ˈkwɛsʧən ænd ˈɑːnsə ˈwɛbˌsaɪts 
æz wɛl æz 
ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs 
friː ɒv kɒst 
trɪp 
slaɪt kənˈviːniənsɪz 
dɪˈsaɪsɪv
mæs bɪˈheɪvjə 
ˈdrɪvn baɪ 
ˈmɑːʤɪnəl ədˈvɑːntɪʤɪz
ˈpəʊstɪŋ 
ˈfɔːrəm 
ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd prəˈfɛʃənz 
ˈpaʊəfʊl ɪnˈsɛntɪv 
əˈvɔɪd 
ˈkɒstli 
ˈtaɪmkənˈsjuːmɪŋ ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən 
ɪksˈpɪərɪənst 
rɪsks əˈsəʊʃɪeɪtɪd wɪð mɪs ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs
rɪˈlaɪəbl
ˈveəri 
ˈnjuːmərəs ˈstʌdiz ɪn ˈriːsnt jɪəz səˈpɔːt ðə ˈkaʊntər-ɪnˈtju(ː)ɪtɪv kənˈkluːʒən 
ˈækʧʊəli 
ˈtrʌstˌwɜːði 
əˌkjuːmjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n 
jɪəz wɜːθ 
ˈdeɪtə 
ˈstændədaɪzɪŋ 
dɪˈtɛkʃən
prɒgˈnəʊsɪs
ˈtriːtmənt
wɛb ˌɛmˈdiː kɒm 
ˈjuːzəz 
ˈsɪmptəmz 
dɪsˈkʌvə 
reɪnʤ 
ˈpɒsəbl ˈkɔːzɪz 
dɪˈsaɪd ðəmˈsɛlvz 
bɛst pɑːθ ˈfɔːwəd
kənˈdʌktɪd 
ɪˈnɪʃəl steɪʤ 
kənˈviːniənt ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvz 
ˈlɑːʤli 
rɪsks 
ˈgɑːdɪd əˈgɛnst 
rɪˈvɜːst

Vocabulary Practice

I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:

Many individuals today would rather s__________t m_______________e themselves i______________f seeing a l_____________________l. In my opinion, this is a result of o_______________________e and it is a p_________________________________e.

The main cause of this t_____________n is the p________________n of i_____________________e on the internet. I_____________t, an a________g individual had l_________________________o visit a doctor for t_____s. Now, there are a v_______y of q_____________________________s a______________s d____________s ones that are f____________t and faster than a t____p to a hospital. The s_______________________s of saving some money, time, and effort may not seem d____________e, but m_______________r is often d____________y m____________________s. For instance, p__________g a question to a f________m such as Reddit.com where q___________________s may provide free advice is a p_____________________e to a________d a c_______y and t______________________________n with an e_____________d doctor.

Though there are r____________________h m______________s, seeking advice online is generally more r___________e. Doctors v_____y in their quality and n________________s i___________________s s____________________________n that websites a_____________y provide more t_______________y advice. This is a result of the a________________n of many y_____________h of d_____a and the s_______________g of d____________n, p____________s, and t_____________t. For example, the website W_____________m allows u_______s to search for their s____________s online, d____________r a r________e of p_______________s and then d_____________________s on the b__________________d. This may include a visit to a hospital if further tests are required that can only be c____________d in person, but at least the patient has saved time and money at the i_______________e of diagnosis.

In conclusion, fewer people today visit doctors because there are cheap, c________________________s online and this is l_______y positive. There are r______s that must be g__________________t but this change cannot be r_____________d.

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic in the video below and practice with these activities:

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice:

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/just-doctor-ordered-study-reveals-accuracy-self-diagnosing-online#:~:text=The%20online%20checkers%20provided%20the,57%20percent%20of%20the%20time.

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:

Health

  1. How can people improve their physical health?
  2. What about their mental health?
  3. In what ways can teachers encourage students to do sports?
  4. What is the role of doctors in raising health awareness?
  5. Can social media also play a role?

Writing Practice

Practice with the same basic topic below and then check with my sample answer:

Governments should spend more money on medical research and less on researching the environment.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IELTS Essay: Letter of Complaint

IELTS Essay: Letter of Complaint

This is an IELTS writing task 1 letter from the real general training exam on the topic of writing a letter of complaint.

Please consider supporting my efforts to creative high quality IELTS materials for students around the world by signing up for my Patreon (and don’t miss any of my exclusive IELTS Ebooks)!

Dave

IELTS Essay: Letter of Complaint

You recently stayed at a hotel for a conference with your company and there were several problems with your room. Write to the hotel management to complain. Include

  • Where you stayed
  • What the problems were
  • How they can fix your complaints

Dear Intercontinental management team,

I am writing to bring to your attention some problems I experienced during a recent stay at your Los Angeles location. I was staying there last weekend in room 302 with a party from my company who were all attending the conference on sustainable solutions for developing countries.

The problems were in chiefly in my room. The air conditioner was not working when I first arrived and when I informed the reception desk it took several hours for someone to repair it. Also, there was an issue with the television (there was a lot of static) and the bathroom had a somewhat foul odor. I reported all this to the front desk, however they did not appear receptive to make immediate changes.

I would suggest that when you encounter complaints such as mine in the future that you move the guest to a new room while you work on fixing everything. Besides that, you should double check your rooms to ensure that there are no outstanding problems before guests enter.

I look forward to your reply and hope you will take my advice.

Best regards,

Karen

Analysis

1. Dear Intercontinental management team,

2. I am writing to bring to your attention some problems I experienced during a recent stay at your Los Angeles location. 3. I was staying there last weekend in room 302 with a party from my company who were all attending the conference on sustainable solutions for developing countries.

  1. Address the letter to someone.
  2. Include your purpose for writing.
  3. Add in some more detail if you want.

1. The problems were in chiefly in my room. 2. The air conditioner was not working when I first arrived and when I informed the reception desk it took several hours for someone to repair it. 3. Also, there was an issue with the television (there was a lot of static) and the bathroom had a somewhat foul odor. 4. I reported all this to the front desk, however they did not appear receptive to make immediate changes.

  1. Begin to develop the second point.
  2. Add more detail to it.
  3. Keep developing it.
  4. Put in as much as possible for a higher task achievement score.

1. I would suggest that when you encounter complaints such as mine in the future that you move the guest to a new room while you work on fixing everything. 2. Besides that, you should double check your rooms to ensure that there are no outstanding problems before guests enter.

3. I look forward to your reply and hope you will take my advice.

4. Best regards,

5. Karen

  1. Develop the last point.
  2. Keep developing it.
  3. Finish developing it.
  4. Use a phrase like regards or sincerely.
  5. Write your name at the end of the letter.

Vocabulary

What do the words in bold below mean? Take notes on a piece of paper to aid memory retention.

Dear Intercontinental management team,

I am writing to bring to your attention some problems I experienced during a recent stay at your Los Angeles location. I was staying there last weekend in room 302 with a party from my company who were all attending the conference on sustainable solutions for developing countries.

The problems were in chiefly in my room. The air conditioner was not working when I first arrived and when I informed the reception desk it took several hours for someone to repair it. Also, there was an issue with the television (there was a lot of static) and the bathroom had a somewhat foul odor. I reported all this to the front desk, however they did not appear receptive to make immediate changes.

I would suggest that when you encounter complaints such as mine in the future that you move the guest to a new room while you work on fixing everything. Besides that, you should double check your rooms to ensure that there are no outstanding problems before guests enter.

I look forward to your reply and hope you will take my advice.

Best regards,

Karen

Answers

management team bosses in charge

bring to your attention show you so that you notice

experienced encountered

recent stay at the hotel recently

location place

staying at the hotel

party group

attending going to

conference large meeting

sustainable solutions ways to help the environment

developing countries poorer countries

chiefly mainly

air conditioner keeps the room cool

arrived got to

informed told you about

reception desk front desk

took several hours required a long time

repair fix

static poor reception

somewhat foul odor smelled kind of bad

reported informed

front desk reception desk

appear receptive seemed to care

immediate changes fixes right away

suggest advise

encounter complaints get feedback

move the guest put in a new room

besides that moreover

double check look over again

ensure make sure

outstanding problems issues that are apparent

enter come to

I look forward to your reply waiting for your answer

take my advice listen to me

Best regards sincerely

Pronunciation

ˈmænɪʤmənt tiːm 
brɪŋ tuː jɔːr əˈtɛnʃ(ə)n 
ɪksˈpɪərɪənst 
ˈriːsnt steɪ 
ləʊˈkeɪʃən
ˈsteɪɪŋ 
ˈpɑːti 
əˈtɛndɪŋ 
ˈkɒnfərəns 
səsˈteɪnəbl səˈluːʃənz 
dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkʌntriz
ˈʧiːfli 
eə kənˈdɪʃənə 
əˈraɪvd 
ɪnˈfɔːmd 
rɪˈsɛpʃən dɛsk 
tʊk ˈsɛvrəl ˈaʊəz 
rɪˈpeə 
ˈstætɪk
ˈsʌmwɒt faʊl ˈəʊdə
rɪˈpɔːtɪd 
frʌnt dɛsk
əˈpɪə rɪˈsɛptɪv 
ɪˈmiːdiət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz
səˈʤɛst 
ɪnˈkaʊntə kəmˈpleɪnts 
muːv ðə gɛst 
bɪˈsaɪdz ðæt
ˈdʌbl ʧɛk 
ɪnˈʃʊə 
aʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈprɒbləmz 
ˈɛntə
aɪ lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tuː jɔː rɪˈplaɪ 
teɪk maɪ ədˈvaɪs
bɛst rɪˈgɑːdz

Vocabulary Practice

Remember and fill in the blanks:

Dear Intercontinental m_____________________m,

I am writing to b____________________n some problems I e_____________d during a r_____________y at your Los Angeles l___________n. I was s_________g there last weekend in room 302 with a p_______y from my company who were all a______________g the c______________e on s____________________s for d_____________________s.

The problems were in c________y in my room. The a_______________r was not working when I first a__________d and when I i___________d the r_________________k it t__________________s for someone to r_______r it. Also, there was an issue with the television (there was a lot of s_______c) and the bathroom had a s____________________r. I r__________d all this to the f___________k, however they did not a____________________e to make i_________________s.

I would s_________t that when you e______________________s such as mine in the future that you m_______________t to a new room while you work on fixing everything. B______________t, you should d______________k your rooms to e_________e that there are no o__________________s before guests e______r.

I___________________________y and hope you will t___________________e.

B_____________________s,

Karen

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic in the video below and practice with these activities:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSk2Fk8sZKA

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice:

https://www.deputy.com/blog/the-20-most-common-hotel-guest-complaints

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam:

Travelling

  1. Do you like travelling?
  2. What is the most beautiful country you have visited?
  3. Would you like to have a job that demands travelling to other countries?
  4. What problems can occur when travelling?

Writing Practice

Practice with the related topic below and then check with my sample answer:

Write a letter to your manager about your work from the last year. Include

What you did

What you think you could improve

A training request