This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of learning literature from the real IELTS exam.
If you want to support my efforts to write these essays and also receive my exclusive Ebooks, check out my Patreon!
Dave
IELTS Essay: Learning Literature
Some people think that it is a waste of time for high school students to study literature, such as novels and poems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Many today claim that learning about literature should no longer be a key component of the high school curriculum. In my opinion, there are practical reasons for this sentiment but literature still serves a purpose.
Proponents of this reform argue other subjects deserve prioritisation. There is little doubt that in the 21st century, the most important subjects for students’ future careers relate to the sciences, such as engineering and computer science, or the practical humanities, like business. The earlier that students begin specialising, the more likely they are to have a head start on the competition and secure a well-paying job immediately after graduating high school or university. In contrast, the novels and poems that students read in high school are usually completely forgotten within a few years and do not teach any tangible skills that will help them advance in the real world.
Nonetheless, literature contains many of the most important and fundamental truths about the human condition. Life is about more than a career and great authors tackle the most fundamental philosophical and psychological questions. For example, the masters of 19th century Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, are primarily concerned with human psychology and how this fits into a larger context of man’s search for meaning. Their exploration of these issues is relevant to everyone and cannot be replaced with a steady career. Moreover, the way in which great writers develop their themes, the aesthetic quality of their writing itself, imparts to careful readers the importance of artistic expression and may help them see outside the narrow modern confines of accumulating the most material wealth.
In conclusion, the utilitarian benefits of studying practical subjects do not outweigh the deeper values of literature. It is therefore advisable that literature be emphasised in high school classrooms.
Analysis
1. Many today claim that learning about literature should no longer be a key component of the high school curriculum. 2. In my opinion, there are practical reasons for this sentiment but literature still serves a purpose.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Proponents of this reform argue other subjects deserve prioritisation. 2. There is little doubt that in the 21st century, the most important subjects for students’ future careers relate to the sciences, such as engineering and computer science, or the practical humanities, like business. 3. The earlier that students begin specialising, the more likely they are to have a head start on the competition and secure a well-paying job immediately after graduating high school or university. 4. In contrast, the novels and poems that students read in high school are usually completely forgotten within a few years and do not teach any tangible skills that will help them advance in the real world.
Use a counter-example to fully develop your main idea.
1. Nonetheless, literature contains many of the most important and fundamental truths about the human condition. 2. Life is about more than a career and great authors tackle the most fundamental philosophical and psychological questions. 3. For example, the masters of 19th century Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, are primarily concerned with human psychology and how this fits into a larger context of man’s search for meaning. 4. Their exploration of these issues is relevant to everyone and cannot be replaced with a steady career. 5. Moreover, the way in which great writers develop their themes, the aesthetic quality of their writing itself, imparts to careful readers the importance of artistic expression and may help them see outside the narrow modern confines of accumulating the most material wealth.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Start a specific example.
Develop the example.
Develop it fully to finish the paragraph.
1. In conclusion, the utilitarian benefits of studying practical subjects do not outweigh the deeper values of literature. 2. It is therefore advisable that literature be emphasised in high school classrooms.
Repeat your opinion and summarise your main ideas.
Add a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?
Many today claim that learning about literature should no longer be a key component of the high school curriculum. In my opinion, there are practical reasons for this sentiment but literature still serves a purpose.
Proponents of this reform argue other subjects deserve prioritisation. There is little doubt that in the 21st century, the most important subjects for students’ future careers relate to the sciences, such as engineering and computer science, or the practical humanities, like business. The earlier that students begin specialising, the more likely they are to have a head start on the competition and secure a well-paying job immediately after graduating high school or university. In contrast, the novels and poems that students read in high school are usually completely forgotten within a few years and do not teach any tangible skills that will help them advance in the real world.
Nonetheless, literature contains many of the most important and fundamental truths about the human condition. Life is about more than a career and great authors tackle the most fundamental philosophical and psychological questions. For example, the masters of 19th century Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, are primarily concerned with human psychology and how this fits into a larger context of man’s search for meaning. Their exploration of these issues is relevant to everyone and cannot be replaced with a steady career. Moreover, the way in which great writers develop their themes, the aesthetic quality of their writing itself, imparts to careful readers the importance of artistic expression and may help them see outside the narrow modern confines of accumulating the most material wealth.
In conclusion, the utilitarian benefits of studying practical subjects do not outweigh the deeper values of literature. It is therefore advisable that literature be emphasised in high school classrooms.
Answers
claim argue
no longer not anymore
key component crucial part
curriculum what you’re learning at school
practical reasons real justifications
sentiment feeling
serves a purpose has a reason
proponents supporters
reform change
deserve prioritisation warrants valuing highly
there is little doubt that it is clear that
21st century 2000 – 2100
relate to has to do with
sciences chemistry, math, biology, physics, etc.
engineering figuring out how things work
computer science learning about computers
practical humanities business and economics
business learning about money, economics
specialising focusing on one area
head start getting ahead
competition fighting
secure safe
well-paying making good money
immediately after right following that
in contrast however
completely forgotten not remembered
tangible skills concrete abilities
advance getting ahead
real world reality
fundamental truths important facts about life
human condition people living in the world
tackle deal with
fundamental philosophical basic relating to life and death
psychological questions issues about the human mind
masters the best at something
19th century Russian literature books from Russia in the 1900s
Tolstoy Leo Tolstoy, writer of War and Peace
Dostoevsky Fyodor Dostoevsky, writer of The Brothers Karamazov
primarily concerned mainly to do with
human psychology how people think
fits into relates to
larger context what it concerns
man’s search for meaning finding a purpose in life
exploration finding out about
relevant related to
replaced instead of
steady career good job
moreover also
the way in which how it is done
develop their themes explore their concerns
aesthetic quality beauty, art
imparts gives
careful readers conscientious
artistic expression self-expression
see outside the narrow modern confines expand their worldview
accumulating the most material wealth getting richer
Many today c_____m that learning about literature should n__________r be a k______________t of the high school c______________m. In my opinion, there are p_______________s for this s_____________t but literature still s_________________e.
P_______________s of this r_________m argue other subjects d_________________________n. T_____________________________t in the 2______________________y, the most important subjects for students’ future careers r___________o the s_________s, such as e______________g and c__________________e, or the p______________________s, like b_____________s. The earlier that students begin s_____________g, the more likely they are to have a h____________t on the c______________n and s__________e a w_____________g job i________________________r graduating high school or university. I__________________t, the novels and poems that students read in high school are usually c__________________n within a few years and do not teach any t_______________s that will help them a____________e in the r____________d.
Nonetheless, literature contains many of the most important and f________________s about the h________________n. Life is about more than a career and great authors t_________e the most f___________________________l and p__________________________s. For example, the m___________s of 1_________________________________e, including T___________y and D_____________y, are p____________________d with h__________________y and how this f__________o a l______________t of m__________________________g. Their e____________n of these issues is r_____________t to everyone and cannot be r_________d with a s_______________r. M__________r, t_____________________h great writers d__________________s, the a______________________y of their writing itself, i___________s to c_________________s the importance of a_________________n and may help them s________________________________s of a_________________________________________h.
In conclusion, the u_____________________s of studying practical subjects do not o_____________h the d______________s of literature. It is therefore a_____________e that literature be e_______________d in high school classrooms.
Listening Practice
Listen with the video below and use the following activities:
Write about the related topic below, then check with my sample answer:
Some people say that school children should be mainly taught about the literature (e.g fiction and poetry) of their own country because it is more important than that of other countries.
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay from the general training exam on the topic of taking care of elderly people.
If you want to support my efforts to write these essays and also receive my exclusive Ebooks, check out my Patreon!
Dave
IELTS Essay: Taking Care of Elderly People
Many people who care for the elderly do not have enough time to look after them.
What are the problems related to this?
What are some possible solutions?
The caretakers of elderly individuals are often overworked and feel they are neglecting their duties. In my opinion, this hurts quality of care and the best solution is comprehensive, societal reform.
The main issues resulting from lack of time to look after the elderly have to do with poor care. A nurse with several patients to visit, who might all require around the clock care, must prioritise. The neglected patients are then more likely to develop bed sores, poor nutrition, and depression. In more extreme situations, patients with dementia or life-threatening conditions for example, there may be serious injury. An Alzheimer’s patient may wander out of the house, get lost and not be able to find their way home. A critically ill patient may need urgent care and not be able to contact the hospital in an emergency.
These problems can be partly remedied if society felt responsible for the elderly. There are examples of nations, chiefly Asian countries like Japan, where old people are highly respected. This permeates all levels of society and translates to children and grandchildren being more willing to take on the burden of care, as well as more attentive doctors and better government-funded social welfare programs. All these measures combined not only have a tangible, daily impact but also shift the societal mindset from considering the elderly a nuisance to regarding them as a milestone in life that all must pass through, deserving of respect.
In conclusion, the problems related to limited opportunities for looking after the elderly concern their level of care and can be combatted with a number of measures permeating multiple layers of society. Though unlikely, these reforms would evidence a core of human compassion.
Analysis
1. The caretakers of elderly individuals are often overworked and feel they are neglecting their duties. 2. In my opinion, this hurts quality of care and the best solution is comprehensive, societal reform.
Paraphrase the essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions for IELTS here.
1. The main issues resulting from lack of time to look after the elderly have to do with poor care. 2. A nurse with several patients to visit, who might all require around the clock care, must prioritise. 3. The neglected patients are then more likely to develop bed sores, poor nutrition, and depression. 4. In more extreme situations, patients with dementia or life-threatening conditions for example, there may be serious injury. 5. An Alzheimer’s patient may wander out of the house, get lost and not be able to find their way home. 6. A critically ill patient may need urgent care and not be able to contact the hospital in an emergency.
1. These problems can be partly remedied if society felt responsible for the elderly. 2. There are examples of nations, chiefly Asian countries like Japan, where old people are highly respected. 3. This permeates all levels of society and translates to children and grandchildren being more willing to take on the burden of care, as well as more attentive doctors and better government-funded social welfare programs. 4. All these measures combined not only have a tangible, daily impact but also shift the societal mindset from considering the elderly a nuisance to regarding them as a milestone in life that all must pass through, deserving of respect.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Begin a specific example.
Develop it.
Make sure that is as fully developed as possible.
1. In conclusion, the problems related to limited opportunities for looking after the elderly concern their level of care and can be combatted with a number of measures permeating multiple layers of society. 2. Though unlikely, these reforms would evidence a core of human compassion.
Summarise your main ideas and repeat your opinions.
Add a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?
The caretakers of elderly individuals are often overworked and feel they are neglecting their duties. In my opinion, this hurts quality of care and the best solution is comprehensive, societal reform.
The main issues resulting from lack of time to look after the elderly have to do with poor care. A nurse with several patients to visit, who might all require around the clock care, must prioritise. The neglected patients are then more likely to develop bed sores, poor nutrition, and depression. In more extreme situations, patients with dementia or life-threatening conditions for example, there may be serious injury. An Alzheimer’s patient may wander out of the house, get lost and not be able to find their way home. A critically ill patient may need urgent care and not be able to contact the hospital in an emergency.
These problems can be partly remedied if society felt responsible for the elderly. There are examples of nations, chiefly Asian countries like Japan, where old people are highly respected. This permeates all levels of society and translates to children and grandchildren being more willing to take on the burden of care, as well as more attentive doctors and better government-funded social welfare programs. All these measures combined not only have a tangible, daily impact but also shift the societal mindset from considering the elderly a nuisance to regarding them as a milestone in life that all must pass through, deserving of respect.
In conclusion, the problems related to limited opportunities for looking after the elderly concern their level of care and can be combatted with a number of measures permeating multiple layers of society. Though unlikely, these reforms would evidence a core of human compassion.
Answers
caretakers people who take care
elderly individuals old people
overworked work too much
neglecting their duties not doing their jobs
quality of care how well someone is looked after
comprehensive complete
societal reform changes to society
main issues resulting from big problems coming from
poor care not well taken care of
several a bunch
around the clock care 24 hour care
prioritise make more important
neglected not paying attention to
bed sores lesions from not moving much
poor nutrition not eating well
depression feeling sad
in more extreme situations some bad cases
dementia forgetting things
life-threatening conditions cancer, paralysis, etc.
serious injury get hurt badly
Alzheimer’s patient condition where the mind deteriorates
wander out go outside
critically ill patient dying person
urgent care emergency situations
contact call
emergency urgent problem
partly remedied somewhat fixed
chiefly mainly
highly respected valued a lot
permeates all levels of society gets to all people
translates to means
take on the burden of care must take care of
attentive concientious
government-funded social welfare programs giving money to old people in retirement plans, checks, etc.
measures combined actions all together
tangible concrete
shift change
societal mindset way that society thinks
considering regarding
nuisance annoying
regarding as it relates to
milestone major moment in life
pass through go through
deserving of respect should be valued
limited opportunities not many chances
concern worry
level of care how well they are taken care of
combatted with fought
number of measures many steps
permeating going through
multiple layers of society many people
unlikely not going to happen probably
evidence support
core of human compassion people caring about others
The c____________s of e_____________________s are often o________________d and feel they are n_______________________s. In my opinion, this hurts q________________e and the best solution is c_______________e, s______________________m.
The m________________s r__________________m lack of time to look after the elderly have to do with p_____________e. A nurse with s_________l patients to visit, who might all require a______________________e, must p_____________e. The n____________d patients are then more likely to develop b__________s, p_________________n, and d_____________n. I________________________s, patients with d_______________a or l____________________________s for example, there may be s________________y. An A_________________t may w__________t of the house, get lost and not be able to find their way home. A c_____________________t may need u_______________e and not be able to c_________t the hospital in an e______________y.
These problems can be p_________________d if society felt responsible for the elderly. There are examples of nations, c_______y Asian countries like Japan, where old people are h__________________d. This p_________________________y and t________________o children and grandchildren being more willing to t_____________________________e, as well as more a_______________e doctors and better g______________________________________s. All these m___________________d not only have a t___________e, daily impact but also s_____t the s_________________t from c________________g the elderly a n__________e to r_____________g them as a m_________e in life that all must p_____________h, d_________________t.
In conclusion, the problems related to l__________________________s for looking after the elderly c_______________n their l_______________e and can be c________________h a n______________s p________________g m____________________________y. Though u___________y, these reforms would e___________e a c________________________________n.
Listening Practice
Listen more about this topic and use these activities to practice:
Reading Practice
Read about a good example of societal changes in Japan below and practice with these ideas:
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of retirement and society from the real IELTS exam.
If you want to support my efforts to write these essays and also receive my exclusive Ebooks, check out my Patreon!
Dave
IELTS Essay: Retirement & Society
Nowadays people live longer after they retire.
How does this affect individuals and society?
What can be done about this?
As average life expectancy rises, people are living longer and longer after retirement, which poses a number of problems for individuals and society. In my opinion, these tensions can be remedied through government action.
People retiring older can lead to conflict between individuals and an increased burden on society generally. For the young, the process of fully integrating older people into society can be challenging. For example, many older people have quieter lifestyles and disputes may arise with younger individuals who are in the habit of hosting loud parties or coming home late at night, particularly in cases where young people are taking care of older relatives. The strain on society can also be great as older people require more medical support to treat conditions ranging from arthritis to cancer to heart disease. This translates to a greater proportion of taxes going to the older generation and can foster societal resentment and ageism.
The best fixes for these problems can be achieved by governments. Firstly, governments can ease the integration of generations by providing better retirements plans for individuals. For example, in the United States, social security benefits are rarely enough to cover retirement and so many must depend on their children. As for society, governments must be more conscientious in planning for more substantial medical expenses. The government should anticipate this trend only continuing in the future and set aside funds to research and apply advanced treatments for retired citizens well into their 80s. These measures combined would alleviate some of the weight of supporting older populations.
In conclusion, the pressures resulting from growth in the average life span can be countered with forward-thinking governmental policy. This will only become more important in the future as people live even longer.
Analysis
1. As average life expectancy rises, people are living longer and longer after retirement, which poses a number of problems for individuals and society. 2. In my opinion, these tensions can be remedied through government action.
Paraphrase the essay topic.
Write a clear opinion answering both questions. Read more about introductions here.
1. People retiring older can lead to conflict between individuals and an increased burden on society generally. 2. For the young, the process of fully integrating older people into society can be challenging. 3. For example, many older people have quieter lifestyles and disputes may arise with younger individuals who are in the habit of hosting loud parties or coming home late at night, particularly in cases where young people are taking care of older relatives. 4. The strain on society can also be great as older people require more medical support to treat conditions ranging from arthritis to cancer to heart disease. 5. This translates to a greater proportion of taxes going to the older generation and can foster societal resentment and ageism.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Give an example.
Move on to a problem related to society.
Develop it fully.
1. The best fixes for these problems can be achieved by governments. 2. Firstly, governments can ease the integration of generations by providing better retirements plans for individuals. 3. For example, in the United States, social security benefits are rarely enough to cover retirement and so many must depend on their children. 4. As for society, governments must be more conscientious in planning for more substantial medical expenses. 5. The government should anticipate this trend only continuing in the future and set aside funds to research and apply advanced treatments for retired citizens well into their 80s. 6. These measures combined would alleviate some of the weight of supporting older populations.
1. In conclusion, the pressures resulting from growth in the average life span can be countered with forward-thinking governmental policy. 2. This will only become more important in the future as people live even longer.
Repeat your arguments.
Add a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words below mean?
As average life expectancy rises, people are living longer and longer after retirement, which poses a number of problems for individuals and society. In my opinion, these tensions can be remedied through government action.
People retiring older can lead to conflict between individuals and an increased burden on society generally. For the young, the process of fully integrating older people into society can be challenging. For example, many older people have quieter lifestyles and disputes may arise with younger individuals who are in the habit of hosting loud parties or coming home late at night, particularly in cases where young people are taking care of older relatives. The strain on society can also be great as older people require more medical support to treat conditions ranging fromarthritis to cancer to heart disease. This translates to a greater proportion of taxes going to the older generation and can foster societal resentment and ageism.
The best fixes for these problems can be achieved by governments. Firstly, governments can ease the integration of generations by providing better retirements plans for individuals. For example, in the United States, social security benefits are rarely enough to cover retirement and so many must depend on their children. As for society, governments must be more conscientious in planning for more substantial medical expenses. The government should anticipate this trend only continuing in the future and set aside funds to research and apply advanced treatments for retired citizens well into their 80s. These measures combined would alleviate some of the weight of supporting older populations.
In conclusion, the pressures resulting from growth in the average life span can be countered with forward-thinking governmental policy. This will only become more important in the future as people live even longer.
Answers
average life expectancy how long most people live
longer and longer more time
retirement after stopping working
poses a number of problems causes a lot of issues
tensions strains
remedied fixed
government action governments helping
conflict problems
increased burden more pressure
generally overall
process the way
fully integrating becoming part of
challenging having trouble
quieter lifestyles calm life
disputes may arise conflicts come up
in the habit of used to
hosting loud parties having noisy parties
particularly in cases where especially when
taking care of older relatives looking after grandparents
strain pressure
require more medical support need more hospital care
treat conditions deal with medical problems
ranging from including
arthritis achy joints
translates to means
proportion ratio
foster societal resentment increase animosity in society
As a______________________y rises, people are living l___________________r after r_________________t, which p__________________________s for individuals and society. In my opinion, these t___________s can be r__________d through g__________________________n.
People retiring older can lead to c__________t between individuals and an i___________________n on society g______________y. For the young, the p________s of f_______________g older people into society can be c____________g. For example, many older people have q___________________s and d_____________________e with younger individuals who are i________________f h________________________s or coming home late at night, p_________________________e young people are t_______________________________s. The s________n on society can also be great as older people r_______________________________t to t_______________s r____________________ma_____________s to cancer to heart disease. This t__________________o a greater p_______________n of taxes going to the older generation and can f__________________________t and a_________m.
The b____________s for these problems can be a_____________d by governments. Firstly, governments can e_____e the i______________n of g_________________s by p________________________________s for individuals. For example, in the United States, s_____________________________s are r_________y enough to c________r retirement and so many must d_____________n their children. As for society, governments must be more c______________s in planning for m____________________l m____________________s. The government should a____________e this t_______d only continuing in the future and s_______________________s to research and apply a____________________s for retired citizens w___________________________s. These m___________________d would a_______________e some of the w________t of s_______________________________s.
In conclusion, the p_______________________m growth in the average l__________n can be c____________d with f_______________________g g____________________________y. This will only become more important in the future as people live even longer.
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay from the general training exam on the topic of bicycles.
If you want to support my efforts to write these essays and also receive my exclusive Ebooks, check out my Patreon!
Dave
IELTS Essay: Bicycles
Some people say that the bicycles are a good, modern means of transportation. Other say riding a bicycle has clear disadvantages.
Discuss both view points and give your own opinion.
Many people today are taking advantage of the environmental and health benefits of using bicycles as a primary means of transportation. I am largely in agreement with this practice, despite potential safety concerns.
Critics often point out that cycling can be dangerous. This conclusion is based on numerous studies showing the fatality and serious injury rates for accidents involving bicycles are considerably higher than for most other vehicles. Even if a cyclist is wearing a helmet, the rest of their body is completely unprotected and bikes themselves do not stand up well to collisions. Added to this are the driving conditions in most major cities, where there might not be bike lanes or cars and motorbikes may not respect cyclists’ right of way. The cyclists themselves contribute to the danger if they are overconfident and try to keep up with or pass motorised vehicles.
Nonetheless, the marginally increased risks involved in cycling do not outweigh its environmental and health benefit. Bikes are a modern, clean form of transportation because they do not burn any fossil fuels or require intensive industrial production methods for their manufacturing. This is the main reason many forward-looking, environmentally-conscious cities now encourage biking to work with bike lanes and bike-sharing schemes. The second advantage is health. Cycling is great cardiovascular exercise at a time when lifestyles are becoming increasingly sedentary due to advances in consumer technology. Riding a bicycle allows the average person to get in their daily exercise efficiently on their way to work.
In conclusion, bikes may increase the odds of serious injury, but these exceptions are dwarfed by health and environmental prerogatives. Cities should therefore enact laws to help cycling flourish.
Analysis
1. Many people today are taking advantage of the environmental and health benefits of using bicycles as a primary means of transportation. 2. I am largely in agreement with this practice, despite potential safety concerns.
Paraphrase the essay topic.
Add a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Critics often point out that cycling can be dangerous. 2. This conclusion is based on numerous studies showing the fatality and serious injury rates for accidents involving bicycles are considerably higher than for most other vehicles. 3. Even if a cyclist is wearing a helmet, the rest of their body is completely unprotected and bikes themselves do not stand up well to collisions. 4. Added to this are the driving conditions in most major cities, where there might not be bike lanes or cars and motorbikes may not respect cyclists’ right of way. 5. The cyclists themselves contribute to the danger if they are overconfident and try to keep up with or pass motorised vehicles.
Write a clear topic sentence with your main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it fully.
Move on to a second disadvantage.
Develop it fully.
1. Nonetheless, the marginally increased risks involved in cycling do not outweigh its environmental and health benefit. 2. Bikes are a modern, clean form of transportation because they do not burn any fossil fuels or require intensive industrial production methods for their manufacturing. 3. This is the main reason many forward-looking, environmentally-conscious cities now encourage biking to work with bike lanes and bike-sharing schemes. 4. The second advantage is health. 5. Cycling is great cardiovascular exercise at a time when lifestyles are becoming increasingly sedentary due to advances in consumer technology. 6. Riding a bicycle allows the average person to get in their daily exercise efficiently on their way to work.
Write another topic sentence with a new main idea.
Develop it.
Continue to develop it as fully as possible.
Vary long and short sentences.
Develop the second idea.
Conclude with the full development of the second idea.
1. In conclusion, bikes may increase the odds of serious injury, but these exceptions are dwarfed by health and environmental prerogatives. 2. Cities should therefore enact laws to help cycling flourish.
Summarise your main ideas and repeat your opinion.
Add a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?
Many people today are taking advantageof the environmental and health benefits of using bicycles as a primary means of transportation. I am largely in agreement with this practice, despite potential safety concerns.
Critics often point out that cycling can be dangerous. This conclusion is based onnumerous studies showing the fatality and serious injury rates for accidents involving bicycles are considerably higher than for most other vehicles. Even if a cyclist is wearing a helmet, the rest of their body is completely unprotected and bikes themselves do not stand up well to collisions. Added to this are the driving conditions in most major cities, where there might not be bike lanes or cars and motorbikes may not respect cyclists’ right of way. The cyclists themselves contribute to the danger if they are overconfident and try to keep up with or pass motorised vehicles.
Nonetheless, the marginally increased risks involved in cycling do not outweigh its environmental and health benefit. Bikes are a modern, clean form of transportation because they do not burn any fossil fuels or require intensive industrial production methods for their manufacturing. This is the main reason many forward-looking, environmentally-conscious cities now encourage biking to work with bike lanes and bike-sharing schemes. The second advantage is health. Cycling is great cardiovascular exercise at a time when lifestyles are becoming increasingly sedentary due to advances in consumer technology. Riding a bicycle allows the average person to get in their daily exercise efficiently on their way to work.
In conclusion, bikes may increase the odds of serious injury, but these exceptions are dwarfed by health and environmental prerogatives. Cities should therefore enact laws to help cycling flourish.
Answers
taking advantageof exploiting
primary means main way
I am largely in agreement with I agree
practice development
despite potential safety concerns possible dangers
critics often point out detractors usually argue
conclusion realisation
based onnumerous studies because of research
fatality death
serious injury rates the figures for getting hurt a lot
considerably higher a lot more
other vehicles cars, motorbikes, buses, etc.
cyclist person who rides a bike
rest all other parts
completely unprotected not safe
stand up well can withstand
collisions getting hit, accidents
added to this also
driving conditions the quality of roads, driving
bike lanes side lanes for bicycles
respect be considerate of
right of way the car/person who should go first when driving
contribute add to
overconfident arrogant
keep up with maintain the same speeds
pass motorised vehicles go around cars
nonetheless regardless
marginally increased risks slightly higher danger
outweigh stronger than
clean form environmentally-friendly way
burn any fossil fuels use oil/gas
require intensive industrial production methods need a lot of machinery to make
manufacturing the process of making something
forward-looking looking to the future
environmentally-conscious caring about the environment
encourage support
bike-sharing schemes the option to have communal bikes
cardiovascular exercise good for your heart
increasingly sedentary more and more sitting around
advances in consumer technology more sophisticated phones, devices
average person normal person
get in do
daily exercise efficiently exercising without using much time
Many people today are t________________________f the environmental and health benefits of using bicycles as a p___________________s of transportation. I_______________________________h this p_________e, d_________________________________s.
C__________________________t that cycling can be dangerous. This c________________n is b_________________________s showing the f____________y and s____________________s for accidents involving bicycles are c_____________________r than for most o__________________s. Even if a c________t is wearing a helmet, the r____t of their body is c_________________________d and bikes themselves do not s______________l to c_____________s. A_____________s are the d_________________s in most major cities, where there might not be b_____________s or cars and motorbikes may not r___________t cyclists’ r_____________y. The cyclists themselves c___________e to the danger if they are o_______________t and try to k_________________h or p_____________________s.
N______________s, the m__________________________s involved in cycling do not o______________h its environmental and health benefit. Bikes are a modern, c_______________m of transportation because they do not b_____________________s or r____________________________________________s for their m__________________g. This is the main reason many f__________________g, e_____________________________s cities now e____________e biking to work with b_____________s and b____________________s. The second advantage is health. Cycling is great c_____________________e at a time when lifestyles are becoming i______________________y due to a_______________________________y. Riding a bicycle allows the a__________________n to g______n their d____________________y on their w_________________k.
In conclusion, bikes may i____________________s of s___________________y, but these e_____________s are d____________d by health and environmental p_______________s. Cities should therefore e____________s to help cycling f___________h.
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