Many believe that it is important to protect all wild animals, while others think that it is important to protect some, not all of them.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some have suggested that protection of wild animals should be selective. In my opinion, humanity has responsibility for all wild animals, though it is occasionally justified to divert resources towards more valuable species.
Those in favor of safeguarding certain wild animals argue the circumstantial factors. These factors can range from the threat the specific animals face to the value of the animal itself. For instance, tigers are an endangered wild animal and require intensive conservation efforts compared with animals such as rats and pigeons, which have adapted skillfully to urban environments. Most would admit that there is little logic in providing equal support to species in different circumstances. A more extreme critic could add that some animals are more deserving of preservation. The tiger, to continue the previous example, is greatly valued for its elegance. Other animals, such as bees, are valuable not for their beauty but their usefulness to humanity.
However, all animals should be protected as humanity has been the catalyst for their endangerment. Before the rapid industrialization and surging populations of the last several hundred years, humans and animals lived on relatively equal terms and shared the Earth. Since human development has outpaced nature and now threatens the habitats of countless species, it is a duty for mankind to enact safeguards for all animals. Without such forward-looking protections, there is likely to be a “domino effect” as species die out and impair fragile ecosystems globally. Therefore even if an animal is not on the verge of extinction, it might be important to maintain their population levels so as to not start a cycle of irreversible harms.
In conclusion, humans should endeavor to protect as many animals as possible although there are exceptional cases where some species may be prioritized. Governments and individuals should collaborate to ensure wild animals are not unduly threatened by human progress.
Analysis
1. Some have suggested that protection of wild animals should be selective. 2. In my opinion, humanity has responsibility for all wild animals, though it is occasionally justified to divert resources towards more valuable species.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Those in favor of safeguarding certain wild animals argue the circumstantial factors. 2. These factors can range from the threat the specific animals face to the value of the animal itself. 3. For instance, tigers are an endangered wild animal and require intensive conservation efforts compared with animals such as rats and pigeons, which have adapted skillfully to urban environments. 4. Most would admit that there is little logic in providing equal support to species in different circumstances. 5. A more extreme critic could add that some animals are more deserving of preservation. 6. The tiger, to continue the previous example, is greatly valued for its elegance. 7. Other animals, such as bees, are valuable not for their beauty but their usefulness to humanity.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Add more deatil.
Include some long and complex sentences.
Finish the paragraph strong.
1. However, all animals should be protected as humanity has been the catalyst for their endangerment. 2. Before the rapid industrialization and surging populations of the last several hundred years, humans and animals lived on relatively equal terms and shared the Earth. 3. Since human development has outpaced nature and now threatens the habitats of countless species, it is a duty for mankind to enact safeguards for all animals. 4. Without such forward-looking protections, there is likely to be a “domino effect” as species die out and impair fragile ecosystems globally. 5. Therefore even if an animal is not on the verge of extinction, it might be important to maintain their population levels so as to not start a cycle of irreversible harms.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Develop the example fully.
1. In conclusion, humans should endeavor to protect as many animals as possible although there are exceptional cases where some species may be prioritized. 2. Governments and individuals should collaborate to ensure wild animals are not unduly threatened by human progress.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Some have suggested that protection of wild animals should be selective. In my opinion, humanity has responsibility for all wild animals, though it is occasionally justified to divert resources towards more valuable species.
Those in favor of safeguarding certain wild animals argue the circumstantial factors. These factors can range from the threat the specific animals face to the value of the animal itself. For instance, tigers are an endangered wild animal and require intensive conservationefforts compared with animals such as rats and pigeons, which have adapted skillfully to urban environments. Most would admit that there is little logic in providing equal support to species in different circumstances. A more extreme critic could add that some animals are more deserving of preservation. The tiger, to continue the previous example, is greatly valued for its elegance. Other animals, such as bees, are valuable not for their beauty but their usefulness to humanity.
However, all animals should be protected as humanity has been the catalyst for their endangerment. Before the rapid industrialization and surging populations of the last several hundred years, humans and animals lived on relatively equal terms and shared the Earth. Since human development has outpaced nature and now threatens the habitats of countless species, it is a duty for mankind to enact safeguards for all animals. Without such forward-looking protections, there is likely to be a “domino effect” as species die out and impair fragile ecosystems globally. Therefore even if an animal is not on the verge of extinction, it might be important to maintain their population levels so as to not start a cycle of irreversible harms.
In conclusion, humans should endeavor to protect as many animals as possible although there are exceptional cases where some species may be prioritized. Governments and individuals should collaborate to ensure wild animals are not unduly threatened by human progress.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
suggested advised
protection keeping safe
selective chosen
humanity mankind
responsibility duty
occasionally justified sometimes supported
divert resources towards sent in another direction at
valuable species important kind of animal
those in favor of people who support
safeguarding keeping safe
certain definite
argue point out
circumstantial factors contextual elements
range from include
threat risk
For instance for example
endangered near extinction
require intensive conservationefforts need lots of help
compared with relative to
adapted skillfully changed masterfully
urban environments cities
Most would admit that many would concede
little logic not much reason
providing equal support giving the same amount of help
different circumstances changing situations
extreme critic people strongly against
deserving should get
preservation staying alive and protected
previous example instance mentioned before
greatly valued considered important
usefulness utility
catalyst spark, cause
endangerment putting in danger
rapid industrialization becoming more and more developed
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
Some have s____________d that p______________n of wild animals should be s_______________e. In my opinion, h_______________y has r__________________y for all wild animals, though it is o______________________d to d______________________s more v___________________s.
T________________________________________________n wild animals a_______e the c___________________________s. These factors can r_____________m the t_________t the specific animals face to the value of the animal itself. F______________e, tigers are an e______________d wild animal and r_________________________________s c_____________________h animals such as rats and pigeons, which have a_____________________y to u____________________s. M_____________________t there is l_________________c in p_______________________t to species in d___________________________s. A more e__________________c could add that some animals are more d______________g of p_______________n. The tiger, to continue the p___________________e, is g__________________d for its elegance. Other animals, such as bees, are valuable not for their beauty but their u______________s to humanity.
However, all animals should be protected as humanity has been the c_________t for their e________________t. Before the r_______________________________n and s______________________s of the l________________________________s, humans and animals l______________________________s and s_______d the Earth. Since human development has o___________d nature and now threatens the h_________s of c__________s species, it is a d____y for mankind to e______________s for all animals. Without such f_______________________s, there is likely to be a “d_______________t” as species die out and i___________________________y. Therefore even if an animal is n____________________________n, it might be important to m__________n their p___________________s so as to not start a c________e of i__________________s.
In conclusion, humans should e______________r to protect as many animals as possible although there are e_______________s where some species may be p________________d. Governments and individuals should c________________e to e________e wild animals are not u__________y threatened by h________________s.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching videos from The New York Times YouTube channel below and practice with these activities:
Practice with the related IELTS essay topic below:
It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. dinosaurs, dodos, etc.). There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Map West Park Secondary School
The map describes changes to West Park Secondary School over a period from 1950 to 2010. Overall, West Park Secondary School contained fewer buildings in 1950 and was located nearer residential and agricultural land. By 2010, several facilities had been added for students and there was the notable addition of a large car park.
In 1950, 3 rows of houses were located to the left of the school, just above a large section of farmland and a playground attached to the school. By 1980, there were significant alterations related to housing. The former houses were replaced by a car park and science block and the farmland was removed in favor of a sports field. The playground remained unchanged.
By 2010, the playground had been reduced in size in order to make room for a small sports field. The most significant change by this time was the expansion of the car park overtaking the area previously occupied entirely by the sports field. Other structures were unaltered from 1980.
Analysis
1. The map describes changes to West Park Secondary School over a period from 1950 to 2010. 2. Overall, West Park Secondary School contained fewer buildings in 1950 and was located nearer residential and agricultural land. 3. By 2010, several facilities had been added for students and there was the notable addition of a large car park.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a general over for the map. Include the major changes and group them generally.
Include a second sentence to be safe.
1. In 1950, 3 rows of houses were located to the left of the school, just above a large section of farmland and a playground attached to the school. 2. By 1980, there were significant alterations related to housing. 3. The former houses were replaced by a car park and science block and the farmland was removed in favor of a sports field. 4. The playground remained unchanged.
Begin to describe the changes.
Be sure to compare as much as possible.
In this one I separated inside and outside the town itself.
1. By 2010, the playground had been reduced in size in order to make room for a small sports field. 2. The most significant change by this time was the expansion of the car park overtaking the area previously occupied entirely by the sports field. 3. Other structures were unaltered from 1980.
Switch to another part of the map.
Don’t include any opinion and don’t forget any areas.
Nothing should be left out!
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Take some notes on a piece of paper to aid your memory:
The map describes changes to West Park Secondary School over a period from 1950 to 2010. Overall, West Park Secondary School contained fewer buildings in 1950 and was located nearer residential and agricultural land. By 2010, several facilities had been added for students and there was the notable addition of a large car park.
In 1950, 3 rows of houses were located to the left of the school, just above a large section of farmland and a playground attached to the school. By 1980, there were significant alterations related to housing. The former houses were replaced by a car park and science block and the farmland was removed in favor of a sports field. The playground remained unchanged.
By 2010, the playground had been reduced in size in order to make room for a small sports field. The most significant change by this time was the expansion of the car park overtaking the area previously occupied entirely by the sports field. Other structures were unaltered from 1980.
Answers
Try to write down or think of an antonym/opposite word for further practice:
describes changes shows alterations
over a period from … to … including
overall in general
contained fewer buildings didn’t have as many facilities
Remember and fill in the blanks. Note it on a piece of paper so you can remember better:
The map d______________s to West Park Secondary School o____________________m 1950 t____ 2010. O_________l, West Park Secondary School c_________________________s in 1950 and was l__________________________l and a__________________d. By 2010, s______________________s had been a________d for students and there was the n__________________n of a l__________________k.
In 1950, 3 rows of houses were located t_________________f the school, j_________e a large s_________n of farmland and a playground a______________o the school. By 1980, there were s____________________s r____________o housing. The f_______r houses were r__________d by a car park and science block and the farmland was r___________________________f a sports field. The playground r_______________d.
By 2010, the playground had been r____________________e i__________________o m____________________r a small sports field. The most significant change b______________e was the e_____________n of the car park o_____________g the area p_________________________________y by the sports field. Other s_____________s were u________d from 1980.
Listening Practice
Listen to the related topic below and practice with these activities
Recent research suggests that the majority of criminals who are sent to prison commit crimes after they are released.
Why is this the case?
What can be done to solve this problem?
Historically, most people who were incarcerated commit crimes again after being released from prison. In my opinion, this is related to economics and psychology and the chief solutions are governmental.
The causes of high recidivism rates are identical to the original explanations for the crimes in question. The vast majority of criminal activity can be traced back to poverty. Individuals who are wealthy enough to afford a good standard of living rarely have a motive for crime. However, those who lack financial means to live a decent life are more likely to commit crimes and this is exacerbated for past criminals who struggle to apply successfully for work with a past offense on their permanent record. Moreover, there are psychological reasons that may also persist. Many criminals had difficult upbringings and do not have access to trained therapists who can help them work through their issues. These causes combined are the reason that prison often fails to rehabilitate inmates.
The ideal solutions should be enacted by the authorities. Firstly, governments must make consistent efforts to ensure released convicts can support themselves financially. This might involve small stipends to help prisoners adjust but the focus should be on education. An individual who has earned a high school or university degree or learned a skilled trade has little reason to commit crime after being set free. Secondly, governments could overhaul rehabilitation methodologies. Though society is becoming increasingly secular, there is research that suggests recidivism rates are considerably lower if a prisoner has faith in a religion. Concern for one’s immortal soul is a powerful incentive for ethical behavior.
In conclusion, many criminals reoffend due to economic and psychological reasons and governments must take decisive action to counter this pattern. Looking at successful models in other countries is also advisable.
Analysis
1. Historically, most people who were incarcerated commit crimes again after being released from prison. 2. In my opinion, this is related to economics and psychology and the chief solutions are governmental.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. The causes of high recidivism rates are identical to the original explanations for the crimes in question. 2. The vast majority of criminal activity can be traced back to poverty. 3. Individuals who are wealthy enough to afford a good standard of living rarely have a motive for crime. 4. However, those who lack financial means to live a decent life are more likely to commit crimes and this is exacerbated for past criminals who struggle to apply successfully for work with a past offense on their permanent record. 5. Moreover, there are psychological reasons that may also persist. 6. Many criminals had difficult upbringings and do not have access to trained therapists who can help them work through their issues. 7. These causes combined are the reason that prison often fails to rehabilitate inmates.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Add more deatil.
Include some long and complex sentences.
Finish the paragraph strong.
1. The ideal solutions should be enacted by the authorities. 2. Firstly, governments must make consistent efforts to ensure released convicts can support themselves financially. 3. This might involve small stipends to help prisoners adjust but the focus should be on education. 4. An individual who has earned a high school or university degree or learned a skilled trade has little reason to commit crime after being set free. 5. Secondly, governments could overhaul rehabilitation methodologies. 6. Though society is becoming increasingly secular, there is research that suggests recidivism rates are considerably lower if a prisoner has faith in a religion. 7. Concern for one’s immortal soul is a powerful incentive for ethical behavior.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Develop the example fully.
If you have a second idea, be sure it is also developed.
And the ending is powerful.
1. In conclusion, many criminals reoffend due to economic and psychological reasons and governments must take decisive action to counter this pattern. 2. Looking at successful models in other countries is also advisable.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Historically, most people who were incarcerated commit crimes again after being released from prison. In my opinion, this is related to economics and psychology and the chief solutions are governmental.
The causes of high recidivism rates are identical to the original explanations for the crimes in question. The vast majority of criminal activity can be traced back to poverty. Individuals who are wealthy enough to afford a good standard of living rarely have a motive for crime. However, those who lack financial means to live a decent life are more likely to commit crimes and this is exacerbated for past criminals who struggle to apply successfully for work with a past offense on their permanent record. Moreover, there are psychological reasons that may also persist. Many criminals had difficult upbringings and do not have access to trained therapists who can help them work through their issues. These causes combined are the reason that prison often fails to rehabilitate inmates.
The ideal solutions should be enacted by the authorities. Firstly, governments must make consistent efforts to ensure released convicts can support themselves financially. This might involve small stipends to help prisoners adjust but the focus should be on education. An individual who has earned a high school or university degree or learned a skilled trade has little reason to commit crime after being set free. Secondly, governments could overhaul rehabilitation methodologies. Though society is becoming increasingly secular, there is research that suggests recidivism rates are considerably lower if a prisoner has faith in a religion. Concern for one’s immortal soul is a powerful incentive for ethical behavior.
In conclusion, many criminals reoffend due to economic and psychological reasons and governments must take decisive action to counter this pattern. Looking at successful models in other countries is also advisable.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
historically in the past
incarcerated in prison
commit crimes do a crime
released let out
prison jail
related concerning
economics finance
psychology study of the mind
chief solutions main remedies
governmental authorities
causes sources
high recidivism rates going back to prison a lot
identical the same
original explanations first causes
in question written about here
vast majority most of
criminal activity committing crimes
traced back goes back to
poverty being poor
wealthy enough having money
afford can buy
good standard of living nice living standards
rarely not often
motive incentive
lack financial means not enough money
live a decent life have a good life
exacerbated made worse
struggle fighting
apply successfully get the job
past offense crime committed before
permanent record always on your official documents
moreover furthermore
psychological reasons mental reasons
persist continue
difficult upbringings bad childhood
access get into
trained therapists psychologists
work through figure out
issues problems
combined put together
rehabilitate inmates make prisoners reform
ideal perfect
enacted by made into law
authorities people in charge
consistent efforts keep trying
ensure released convicts make sure people who get out of prison
support themselves financially be able to live on their own
small stipends a little bit of money
adjust adapt
focus concentrate
education schooling
earned made
skilled trade professional job
little reason not much cause
set free allowed out of jail
overhaul rehabilitation methodologies completely change the way prisoners are fixed
increasingly secular less religious
suggests shows
considerably lower much less
faith believing in god
religion Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, etc.
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
H______________y, most people who were i________________d c____________________s again after being r____________d from p________n. In my opinion, this is r_________d to e_____________s and p_____________y and the c_________________s are g_________________l.
The c__________s of h_____________________s are i_____________l to the o_________________s for the crimes i________________n. The v______________y of c__________________y can be t____________k to p___________y. Individuals who are w______________h to a__________d a g_____________________________g r__________y have a m________e for crime. However, those who l_________________________s to l________________e are more likely to commit crimes and this is e______________d for past criminals who s___________e to a___________________y for work with a p________________e on their p__________________d. M____________r, there are p_______________________s that may also p__________t. Many criminals had d__________________________s and do not have a________s to t___________________s who can help them w_____________________h their i__________s. These causes c_____________d are the reason that prison often fails to r______________________s.
The i________l solutions should be e_______________y the a_____________s. Firstly, governments must make c_________________s to e________________________s can s________________________________y. This might involve s_________________s to help prisoners a__________t but the f________s should be on e____________n. An individual who has e_________d a high school or university degree or learned a s_____________e has l________________n to commit crime after being s__________e. Secondly, governments could o_____________________________________s. Though society is becoming i______________________r, there is research that s_____________s recidivism rates are c____________________r if a prisoner has f_______h in a r__________n. C_______n for one’s i___________________l is a powerful i______________e for e__________________r.
In conclusion, many criminals reoffend due to economic and psychological reasons and governments must t______________________n to c_________r this p________n. Looking at s_______________________s in other countries is also a____________e.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching videos from The New York Times YouTube channel below and practice with these activities:
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of copying from the real IELTS general training exam.
Please consider supporting me on Patreon.com/howtodoielts to receive my full, exclusive IELTS Ebooks – you can even sign up for private live lessons with me!
Dave
IELTS Essay: Copying
The tendency of human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of areas such as fashion and consumer goods.
To what extent do you agree?
Some have suggested that the popularity of specific consumer trends evidences a natural human inclination to copy one another. In my opinion, this is largely true though there are other potential practical explanations.
Those who oppose this belief argue that imitation is rooted in reason. There are legitimate practical justifications to follow others. If a product such as a new smartphone is popular, then that is evidence it is a quality item. In this way, people are copying on a rational basis, not out of an inborn human desire. Moreover, popular items are likely cheaper and more widely available. A trendy pair of jeans made by Levy’s, for instance, is produced in the millions and stocked in department stores around the world. Individuals will encounter these jeans frequently and their purchase is simply a matter of convenience.
However, I believe that copying others satisfies a deeper human drive to feel part of a larger group. The natural tendency of humans to congregate also compels them to adopt similar customs and habits. Imitation shows that there is commonality and eases the fear of otherness. For example, Apple has built their brand based on the power of an inclusive community of like-minded users. By joining such an ecosystem, people are no longer isolated and feel part of a larger whole that elevates their individual self-esteem and protects them from other groups. Humans do not now face significant physical threats from nature but the desire to copy one another in order to join a modern-day tribe persists in contemporary consumer culture.
In conclusion, the popularity of similar consumer items illustrates an underlying need in humans to imitate one another in order to feel safe and accepted. This is not necessarily a negative insight though it should be managed carefully by individuals.
Analysis
1. Some have suggested that the popularity of specific consumer trends evidences a natural human inclination to copy one another. 2. In my opinion, this is largely true though there are other potential practical explanations.
Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Those who oppose this belief argue that imitation is rooted in reason. 2. There are legitimate practical justifications to follow others. 3. If a product such as a new smartphone is popular, then that is evidence it is a quality item. 4. In this way, people are copying on a rational basis, not out of an inborn human desire. 5. Moreover, popular items are likely cheaper and more widely available. 6. A trendy pair of jeans made by Levy’s, for instance, is produced in the millions and stocked in department stores around the world. 7. Individuals will encounter these jeans frequently and their purchase is simply a matter of convenience.
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
Explain your main idea.
Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
Keep developing it fully.
Add more deatil.
Make sure you use really specific examples.
Finish the paragraph strong.
1. However, I believe that copying others satisfies a deeper human drive to feel part of a larger group. 2. The natural tendency of humans to congregate also compels them to adopt similar customs and habits. 3. Imitation shows that there is commonality and eases the fear of otherness. 4. For example, Apple has built their brand based on the power of an inclusive community of like-minded users. 5. By joining such an ecosystem, people are no longer isolated and feel part of a larger whole that elevates their individual self-esteem and protects them from other groups. 6. Humans do not now face significant physical threats from nature but the desire to copy one another in order to join a modern-day tribe persists in contemporary consumer culture.
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Develop the example fully.
Make sure this paragraph is stronger.
1. In conclusion, the popularity of similar consumer items illustrates an underlying need in humans to imitate one another in order to feel safe and accepted. 2. This is not necessarily a negative insight though it should be managed carefully by individuals.
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean?Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.
Some have suggested that the popularity of specific consumer trends evidences a natural human inclination to copy one another. In my opinion, this is largely true though there are other potential practical explanations.
Those who oppose this belief argue that imitation is rooted in reason. There are legitimate practical justifications to follow others. If a product such as a new smartphone is popular, then that is evidence it is a quality item. In this way, people are copying on a rational basis, not out of an inborn human desire. Moreover, popular items are likely cheaper and more widely available. A trendy pair of jeans made by Levy’s, for instance, is produced in the millions and stocked in department stores around the world. Individuals will encounter these jeans frequently and their purchase is simply a matter of convenience.
However, I believe that copying others satisfies a deeper human drive to feel part of a larger group. The natural tendency of humans to congregate also compels them to adopt similar customs and habits. Imitation shows that there is commonality and eases the fear of otherness. For example, Apple has built their brand based on the power of an inclusive community of like-minded users. By joining such an ecosystem, people are no longer isolated and feel part of a larger whole that elevates their individual self-esteem and protects them from other groups. Humans do not now face significant physical threats from nature but the desire to copy one another in order to join a modern-daytribe persists in contemporary consumer culture.
In conclusion, the popularity of similar consumer items illustrates an underlying need in humans to imitate one another in order to feel safe and accepted. This is not necessarily a negative insight though it should be managed carefully by individuals.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to help you remember the new vocabulary:
suggested give the opinion that
popularity ubiquity
specific consumer trends buying habits
evidences shows
natural human inclination normal desire, human nature
copy one another imitate each other
largely true mostly the case
potential practical explanations possible simple reasons
oppose work against
argue point out
imitation copying
rooted based in
legitimate practical justifications actual reasons related to convenience
smartphone mobile phone
quality item good product
in this way therefore
rational basis reasonable foundation
inborn human desire normal human inclination
cheaper not expensive
widely available common
trendy popular
Levy’s a jeans maker
produced made
stocked put on the shelves
department stores big stores for selling things
encounter come in contact with
frequently often
a matter of convenience easier to do it
satisfies completes
deeper human drive natural instinct
part of a larger group joining a bunch of people
natural tendency normal inclination
congregate group together
compels forces
adopt similar customs act the same way
habits ways of behaving
commonality things in common
eases makes easier
fear worry
otherness people being different
built their brand created their business
based on with the foundation of
inclusive accepting
like-minded users people who think the same way
joining becoming part of
ecosystem environment
no longer isolated not on its own
part of a larger whole in a group
elevates raises up
individual self-esteem
protects keeps safe
significant physical threats real risks of being hurt
modern-daytribe persists contemporary grouping stays the same
contemporary consumer culture modern shopping habits
I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:
Some have s____________d that the p___________y of s_________________________s e_____________s a n____________________________n to c________________________r. In my opinion, this is l________________e though there are other p__________________________________s.
Those who o____________e this belief a_______e that i______________n is r__________d in reason. There are l_____________________________s to follow others. If a product such as a new s___________e is popular, then that is evidence it is a q_____________m. I_______________y, people are copying on a r___________________s, not out of an i_______________________e. Moreover, popular items are likely c___________r and more w_________________e. A t_______y pair of jeans made by L______s, for instance, is p__________d in the millions and s_____________d in d________________________s around the world. Individuals will e____________________r these jeans f___________________y and their purchase is simply a______________________________e.
However, I believe that copying others s____________s a d__________________________e to feel p________________________p. The n_____________________y of humans to c_______________e also c_________s them to a____________________s and h________s. Imitation shows that there is c_________________y and e______s the f_____r of o_____________s. For example, Apple has b_______________________d b__________n the power of an i________e community of l_____________________s. By j__________g such an e_____________m, people are n_____________________d and feel p__________________e that e______________s their i______________________m and p_____________s them from other groups. Humans do not now face s__________________________s from nature but the desire to copy one another in order to join a m______________________e p___________s in c___________________________e.
In conclusion, the popularity of similar consumer items illustrates an u_________________________d in humans to imitate one another in order to feel safe and accepted. This is not necessarily a n__________________t though it should be m______________________y by individuals.
Listening Practice
Learn more about this topic by watching videos from The New York Times YouTube channel below and practice with these activities:
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